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ELEMENTS 

OP 

BRAKIGRAPHY: 

A  SYSTEM  OF 

PHONIC  SHORT-HAND  WRITING, 

FOUNDED    UPON    THE    VOWEL    SOUNDS    OF    THE 
ENGLISH    LANGUAGE. 

ADAPTED  FOR  SELF-INSTRUCTION, 

AND     USE     IN     SCHOOLS     AND     ACADEMIES 

BY 

JOHN  T.  PORTER, 

STENOGRAPHER. 


PITTSBURGH: 

TRINTiEn    BY   JOS.   EIOHBAUM    et    CO. 

1883. 


copyright    1883. 
John  T.  Porter    Pittsburgh. 


?S3 


PREFACE. 

This  little  volume  is  intended  to  answer  a  two-fold  purpose 
— as  a  manltal  for  self-instruction,  and  as  a  text-book  for  use 
in  the  school  room.  The  lessons  are  so  graded  and  arranged 
that,  with  three  or  four  hours'  practice  per  day,  the  principles 
may  be  mastered  in  a  month.  The  thousands  of  arbitrary 
symbols  called  word-signs,  which  constitute  the  bulk  of  the 
writing  in  the  old  systems  of  short-hand,  and  which  prevent 
those  systems  from  being  reduced  to  a  science,  are  avoided  in 
Brakigraphy.  The  student  pursues  the  study  as  a  science,  and 
having  mastered  the  principles,  a  few  months  spent  in  the 
tn  practical  application  of  them  will  enable  him  to  record  the 
5^   exact  words  of  the  most  rapid  speaker. 

>.        We  live  in  an  age  of  improvement.     The  growing  needs  of 

**?    humanity  are  being  constantly  supplied  by  the  wonderful  dis- 

*|   coveries  and  inventions  of  science.     To  keep  pace  with  the 

flurry  and  rush  of  business,  a  speedier  method  of  writing  is 

demanded,  and  within  four  or  five  years  the  attention  of  the 

?^   business  world  has  been  directed  towards  short-hand  as  a  means 

*®    of  relief  from  the  drudgery  of  the  common  writing.     The  re- 

T    lief  thus  afforded  has  only  been  partial,  from  the  fact  that  the 

old    systems    of  short-hand   in    use    are   so   unscientific    and 

arbitrary  in  their  character  that  but  comparatively  few  persons 

H    ever  acquire  a  competent  knowledge  of  them ;  and  even  when 

2   acquired,  the  writing  is  practically  a  sealed  book  to  all  but  the 

^   writer  himself. 

Having  had  an  uninterrupted  practice  of  thirteen  years  as  a 
Law  Reporter  in  the  Courts  of  Pennsylvania,  I  may  be  pre- 
sumed to  have  some  knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  a  system 
of  short-hand  destined  to  become  a  universal  medium  through 

449454 


IV  PREFACE. 

which  business  may  be  transacted.  Such  a  system  must  pos- 
sess cerlaiu  requisites,  the  most  important  of  which  are: 
simplicity  of  construction,  so  that  it  may  be  learned  in  a  few 
months  by  persons  of  ordinary  ability  ;  that  it  be  equal  to 
speech  in  speed ;  and  that  it  be  easily  read,  not  only  by  the 
writer  himself,  but  by  others  familiar  with  the  same  system. 
In  the  development  of  Brakigraphy,  it  has  been  my  aim  to 
perfect  such  a  system  of  short-hand.  How  well  I  have  suc- 
ceeded I  leave  the  public  to  judge. 

The  average  rate  of  public  speaking  is  estimated  to  be  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  words  per  minute.  In  the  class-room, 
I  have  trained  students  in  six  months  to  write  one  hundred 
and  fifty  words  per  minute  from  dictation,  and  to  read  their 
short-hand  notes  almost  as  readily  as  the  common  writing, 
although  entirely  unfamiliar  with  the  subject-matter. 

It  is  believed  that  this  is  the  first  time  the  art  of  short-hand 
writing  has  been  presented  to  the  public  in  a  scientific  form  ; 
and  the  favorable  reception  Brakigraphy  has  already  met  with 
at  the  hands  of  the  public,  encourages  me  to  believe  that  the 
present  edition,  after  the  careful  revision  I  have  given  it,  will 
meet  with  still  greater  fiivor. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Preface 3 

Directions  to  the  Sludent 7 

Vowels  and-l)iph thongs 9 

The  M  Curve 11 

The  N  Curve , 12 

Transposition  of  the  Vowel 13 

Aspirated   Words 14 

Compound  Words 14 

Punctuation 15 

T  and  D 16-23 

The  W  Hook 24 

Final  N 24 

The  Indeflnile  Vowel 25 

The  R  Hook 25 

Final  ING 26 

CHAY  and  JAY 27 

The  Consonant  L 28 

The  F  and  V  Curve 30 

Initial  and  Final  S,  ST,  STR,  SL  and  SP 32 

Initial  and  Final  TH,  THR  and  YEH 35 

Initial  and  Final  SW,  SH,  SHN,  SESSION  and  NG 30 

The  Consonants  P,  B,  K  and  GAY 39 

KW 40 

Expedients 42-44 

Death  of  Little  Nell 47 

Circular 57 

Testimonials 61 


BRAKIGRAPHY. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  THE  STUDENT. 

t 

The  first  chapter  contains  the  theory  upon  which  Brakig- 
raphy  is  founded,  and  should  be  thoroughly  mastered.  Three 
or  four  hours  a  day  for  a  week  may  be  devoted  to  it  profitably. 

Each  line  should  be  learned  separately  untif  the  phonics  can 
be  pronounced  aloud  and  written  at  the  same  time,  without 
the  aid  of  the  book. 

When  the  theory  is  understood  the  first  reading  exercise 
should  be  taken  up,  and  first  read  over  carefully  with  the  aid 
of  the  translation,  and  finally  written  over  and  over  until  it 
can  be  written  correctly  from  dictation. 

The  first  chapter  thus  learned,  the  second  will  be  found 
much  easier,  but  the  practice  on  it  should  not  be  omitted 
until  the  reading  exercise  can  be  written  correctly  from 
dictation. 

Beginners  are  generally  ambitious  to  advance  rapidly,  for- 
getting the  fact  that  learning  to  write  well  is  the  most  import- 
ant. This  can  be  accomplished  best  by  taking  special  pains 
with  the  first  chapter,  the  characters  of  which  are  arranged  in 


8  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

groups  for  the  purpose  of  disciplining  the  memory  and  the  pen 
of  the  writer. 

While  learning  the  first  ten  chapters,  do  not  try  to  write 
rapidly,  but  well.  The  eleventh  chapter,  however,  should  be 
written  over  and  over  until  a  speed  of  one  hundred  words  per 
minute  is  attained. 

Always  use  pen  and  ink  in  practice.  The  best  reporters 
hold  the  pen  between  the  first  and  the  second  finger,  as  in 
back-hand  writing. 

If  these  directions  in  regard  to  the  first  two  chapters  are 
faithfully  carried  out,  the  student  will  find  his  future  practice 
pleasant  and  easy ;  but  to  insure  rapid  progress  the  remaiuing 
chapters  of  the  principles  should  be  learned  with  the  same 
thoroughness  as  the  first  two. 


LONG   AND   8H0ET   VOWELS. 


CHAPTER   I. 

SECTION  I. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  clear  understanding  of  the  correct 
sounds  of  the  phonic  vowels,  it  is  necessary  for  the  student  to 
know  the  meaning  of  the  diacritical  points  used  in  the  English 
orthography  to  indicate  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the  English 
vowels,  thus : 


LONG  TOWELS. 

0,  as  in 

eat, 

a,     '■■ 

ate, 

ii,     " 

jarni. 

6,     « 

odd, 

o,     " 

ode, 

00      " 

mood, 

SHORT  VOWELS, 

h 

as  in 

hit, 

e, 

<( 

met, 

a, 

« 

hat, 

fi, 

a 

hut. 

DIPHTHONGS. 

!,  as  in  ire, 
oi,  "  oi', 
ou,  "     out. 

Repeat  the  sounds  of  the  pointed  vowels  -as  found  in  the 
following  words,  until  the  correct  sound  of  each  can  be  given 
readily  and  accurately : 

e-at,  ate,  a-rm,  p  dd,  o  de,  m  oo-d,  h-i-t,  ra-e-t,  hat,  hut, 
e,       a,       ii,        6,        o,  oo,         i,         e,  *      ii,        u, 

i-re,  oi-1,  ou-t. 
i,       oi,     ou. 


First  Group. 

Brakigrapliy  is  founded  upon  thirteen  vowel  sounds,  which 
are  represented  by  the  thirteen  pointed  letters  above. 


10  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

Each  one  of  these  pointed  vowels  is^represented  by  a  short- 
hand character  called  a  phonic,  thus : 

1.  e,       a,        a,        6,         0,       oo,      T,       e,        a,      li.        I,        oi,     ou. 

-  I  -  ' 

The  long  vowels  and  the  diphthongs  Ol  and  OU  are  repre- 
sented by  long  phonies,  the  "short  vowels  and  the  diphthong  / 
are  represented  by  short  phonies. 

Each  phonic  takes  its  sound  from  its  position  with  reference 
to  the  line  of  writing,  as  above,  on,  below,  or  through  the  line. 

In  the  second  line  the  phonics  are  written  from  left  to  right, 
inclining  obliquely  downward,  which  indicates  that  the  con- 
sonant >»  is  combined  with  the  vowel,  thus: 

2.  ere,  air,     iir,     or,     6re,  oor,  ir,     er,     ar,      tir,  ire,     oir,     our. 
^  \       V  .  .      \ 


_ _ \  ^  

In  the  third  line  the  phonics  are  written  from  right  to  left 
■  inclining  obliquely  downward,  which  indicates  that  the  con- 
sonant I  is  combined^with  the>owel,  thus : 
3.     file,     jile,     iil,      61,      ole,     ool,     il,      el,     fil,     ul,     ile,      oil,     onl. 

^.. -^ /.. ., ^. / .^. /. 

Practice  on  the  first  group  until  the  phonic  characters 
representing  the  following  words  can  be  written  from  memory 
in  their  proper  positions  with  reference  to  the  line  of  writing  : 

PRACTICAL    EXERCISE. 

awe,  owe,  ah,  eye,    ear,  air,  or,     oar,   ire,     our,  err,    eel,  ale, 
1  \  ^ 


all,     ill,     ell,     oil,  owl. 


CONSONANT   M.  11 

SECTION    II. 
Second  Group. 

The  three  lines  composing  the  first  group  form  the  basis 
upon  which  the  subsequent  structure  is  to  be  erected,  and  the 
student  having  mastered  them,  is  now  prepared  to  advance 
a  step. 

The  second  group  is  similar  to  the  first,  except  that  the 
phonics  are  made  a  little  longer,  and  curved,  which  indicates 
that  the  consonant  nt  is  added  to  the  vowels  and  the  com- 
binations. 

Beginners  generally  experience  some  difficulty  in  noting  the 
difference  between  the  first  three  phonics  and  the  second  three 
in  the  second  and  the  third  line  below.  This  difficulty  is 
easily  overcome  by  practice,  and  will  vanish  entirely  by  the 
time  the  student  has  reached  Chapter  III. 

All  oblique  phonics  should   be  written  with  a  downward 
movement  of  the  pen. 
1.  eme,  ame,  am,  6m,  ome,  oom,    im,  em,  am,     um,    ime,  oim,  oum. 


jrrs J. ., -^:tn /. 


^  ■)• 


2.  emr,  fimr,  iimr,  omr,  omr,  oomr,  Tmr,  emr,  amr,  umr,  imr,oimr,  oumr. 

D.....r^ } 1 O. a. .^ ? ......4. 

Chauge  the  order  in  which  the  final  consonants  niv  occur, 
and  repeat,  thus: 

erm,  arm,arm,  orm,  orm,  oorm,  Irm,  erm,arm,  urm,Trm,  oirm,  ourm. 

"^--x ^ ^ - ^ -S-^ ^--^ 

By  this  process  of  transposing  final  consonants,  the  function 
of  each  phonic,  which  still  remains  the  same  in  form,  is 
increased  two,  and  sometimes  three  fold. 


12  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

3.  6ml,  ami,  ami,   6ml,  Sml,  ooml,  iml,   eml,  ami,  liml,  Iml,  oiml,  oulm 

'■■• ^ "y ^ J ^ ---'^ c^ J- 

Transpose  ml  to  7ni  and  repeat,  elm,  aim,  aim,  etc. 

TiliRD  Group. 

The  third  group  is  similar  to  the  second  except  that  the 
curve  is  reversed,  which  indicates  the  addition  of  the  con- 
sonant 11  to  the  vowels  and  the  combinations,  thus ; 

1.  fine,     fine,   an,     on,   own,   con,    in,     en,    an,      Qn,     ine,  oin,    oim. 

-^■^.-■^- ^ i ^ ^.-.^ ^ ( i...v^ ( 

2.  enr,    anr,  anr,  onr,  ownr,  oonr,    inr,    enr,    unr,  fiiir,  inr,  uiiir,  oiinr. 
^. v^ S      .C  ^      ^  L      V         C 

Transpose  'iiv  to  Vil  and  repeat,  cru,  aru,  iiru,  etc. 

3.  enl,   anl,   anl,     onl,     onl,   oonl,  inl,   enl,    aiil,    unl,    Iiil,  oinl,  ounl. 

•     C ^ ^ C. C ^ c....^_ ™...r:....l...^_....f: 

Transpose  nl  to  In  and  repeat,  eln,  filn,  illii,  etc. 

PRACTICAL    EXERCISE. 

aim,  emm,  am,  ene,    on,    own,  in,    an,  honor,    owner,    inner, 

.^...^„^..^^^ [ £...:::....^ ^ L ^ 

arm,     alum,       earn,  iicjn. 


TRANSPOSITION   OF   THE   VOWEL.  13 

SECTION  III. 

Transposition  op  the  Vowel. — The  curves  in  the 
second  and  the  third  group  are  nearly  semi-circles,  which 
indicates  that  the  vowel  comes  first  in  the  combination.  When 
tlie  curve  is  flattened  to  a  semi -ell  ipse,  it  indicates  that  the 
vowel  comes  last  in  the  combination. 

Second  Group. 

1      mc,     mil,    ma,   mo     mo,  moo,   mlh,  meh,  mah,  muh,  mi,  moi,  mou. 

-_.._.,.] ) :::__ ij _ | 

2.  mere,  mare,  mar,m6r,  m6re,moor,  mir,m6r,mar,miir,mIre,moir,mour. 

--■■.;^-^ , -.....^-..l..._, 

3.  mele.  male,  mill, mol, mole, mool,  mil,  mel,mal,  mtil,  mile,  moil,  moul. 

Third  Group. 

1,  ne,   nity,   nii,    iiaw,    no,     noo,     nih,  nfili,  nah,  nflh,  nigh,  noi,  nou. 

.r:,_._..' [ r..,.^_ ( '  .  -( 

2,  ncTO,  n.ire,  niir,  nor,  nore,  noor,  nir,  ngr,   nfir,  nur,  nire,  noir,    nour. 
•'.  neic,  nale,  niil,     nol,    nOle,  nool,  nil,    nel,    nfil,    niil,  nile,  noil,  noul. 

.-. .x.,..i ^ r- 


9 


14  BRAKIGRArnY. 


PRACTICAL  EXEKCISE. 


me,  mav,  maw,  mow,  moo,  m}^  mow,  mere,  marc,  mar,  more,  moor. 

-.^ 1 1 , ' ) z ^ :^ 

mvrrh,  ii)ire,     meal,      male,  maul,  mole,  mill,  mull,  mile   Iviiee,  nay, 

^ ^ £.. ^ ; J ^ 2 ! -.^ 

gnaw,     no,      new,  nigh,   now,  near,   nor,      nail,      knoll,  null,   nile. 

Li ^ [ i - ^ .:. C L L 

SECTION  IV. 

Aspirated  Words. — The  aspirate  h  is  indicated,  by  a 
small  dot  written  before  the  phonic  t6  be  aspirated,  thus: 
he,      hay,      haw,    ho,    who,  high,    how,    here,  hair,  her,  hire, 


,.r\. 


heal,       hale,  whole,       hill,  hull,     howl,  ham,  home,  whom,  him, 

^ ^ i. ^ ^^.: ,/ ^ ^ jj 2... 

hem,  hum,  hen,  hammer,  hemmer,  Homer,  harm,  horn. 

^ :) ^ ^ :a.... :>:> ^ ;::;. 

Words  of  very  common  occurrence,  as  he,  him,  how,  (tc, 
are  seldom  aspirated. 

Compound  Words. — A  compound  phonic  is  one  composed 
of  two  or  more  simple  phonics  joined  together. 

hero,    mean,    man,    miner,     alarm,      armor,  normal. 

-^-^.-.--^ i ^- >■ 


PUNCTUATIOX.  15 

SENTENCES. 

The  period  is  represented  by  a  light  oblique  line  written 
downward  through  the  line. 

The  sign  of  interrogation  is  represented  by  a  period  with  a 
hook  turned  on  the  end  of  it. 

The  first  syllable  of  a  word  is  frequently  written  in  its 
proper  position,  and  the  second  syllable  follows  without  regard 
to  position. 

- - (7-  -^ /.y...1....-^ ^ / 

/-  6  r '  '  \--";\ 1" 

^  -    ^  -    -^/  -  _  v^     W     ( 


/ 


-(. (.. 


:^ ^ :^ iA./. 


Translation. 

I  ani  in  now.  I  hear  an  owl.  How  may  he  know  me? 
May  I  know  him?  He  may  haul  a  new  maul  a  mile  or  more 
on  a  moor  near  a  new  mill.  He  may  aim  high  or  higher.  I 
own  a  new  mill  on  a  high  hill.  Neal  Allen  may  mow  our  new 
hay  in  May.  A  Mormon  may  alarm  a  miner.  A  man  in  honor 
may  earn  a  name.  I  may  know  all  in  an  hour.  He  may  now 
know  her  name.     My  horo  may  murmur  no  more. 


16  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

CHAPTEE    11. 

SECTION  II.— T  or  D. 

T  or  D  prefixed. — Tlie  consonants  t  and  ij  being  nearly 
alike  in  sound  are  represented  by  the  same  character,  and  are 
prefixed  by  shading  the  phonic  at  the  beginning. 

First  Group. 

1.  de,      da,    dii,       do,      doc,    doo,    dl,    de,      da,     du,  die,    doi,    dmi. 

2.  tf-re,  ti'iro,    liir,'    lor,    tore,  toor,    ITr,    ter,    tnr,    tfir,    lire,    loir,  tour. 

- - ^ ' ^ y ^ - ^ ' ^ - V 

Transpose  e  and  v  and  repeat,  tre,  trfi,  tril,  etc. 

3.  dele,  dfde,  diil,  dol,  dol<>,  dool,   dil,  dfl,  drd,  diil,  dllo,  doil,  doid. 

•^ - , ' ^ 7 ^ - - ' ' " ' 

StcoND  Group. 

l.teme,  tame,  tiim, lorn,  lome,tooni,lTm,tt'm,  irnn,trim,  time,  toim,  toiim. 


1 1 ^....^ 1     '    ^    ) 


2.  diimr,  damr,  diimr,  domr,  doinr,  doomr,  dimr,  df  mr,  damv,  dfimr,  dlmr, 

[doimr,  doimir. 

--. ] A ^ ^ y ] -.. X 

Transpose  e  and  v  and  repeat,  drem,  drfim,  driim,  drnm,drr>m,droom. 


T   OR   D   PREFIXED.         '  17 

3.    deml,dam!,(!;unl,(l6'iil,doml,cluonil,  dliiil,  cleinl.Jaml.cluml.diinl, 

doinil,  doiiinl. 

^.--^ ^ J /■■■---^ ^ ' ^ )■ 


Third  Giiour. 

1.  dene, dane.dan,  don,  done,  docMi,  din,  den,  dun,  dun,  diuu,doin,doun. 

2.  tenr,  (anr,  lanr,  lonr,  lOnr.toonr,  tinr,  tenr,tanr,  lunr,  linr,  toinr,tounr. 

Transpose  hv  to  vil  and  repeat,  tern,  tarn,  tiirn,  etc. 
Transpose  V  and  e  and  repeat,  trC>n,  tran,  triin,  etc. 
8.  denl,<'aul,dan],d6n1,donl,dooiil,dinl,denl,danl,dunl,dinl,doinl,doiinl. 

^    ^  1       (  ^     ^         (   _   ^     ,^  _■/_ 

- — / (  '/-  ^     ^r- 

Transposc  nl  to  Iti  and  repeat,  deln,  daln,  diiln,  etc. 

rRACTICAL  EXERCISE. 

t«a,     day,     dough,    die,      dear,     dare,     door,     dower,     deal, 

r_..^ \ -_' ...^ >...-...A \ £. 

tale,    tall,      tool,    toil,  towel,    deem,    dame,  dome,  doom,  dim, 

"     '   V ' '-- - •'■: y =- 

time,     cream,   dram,     drum,   depn,    ten,    dine,    drain,     drown. 

1 --:^ .^ = ~.-i-- I 


18  '  BRAKlGRAniV. 

SECTION  11. 

T  OR  D  Added. —  Tor  d  is  atjded  by  shading  a  phonic  at 
the  end. 

First  Group. 

1.     ete,     ate,     iit,      ot,      ote,     oot,     it,      et,     at,     ut,     ite,     oit,     uut. 

— -'- ' , = ^ ---'-:- .■ 

edr,    adr,    adr,    odr,    odr,    oodr,  klr,    edr,    adr,    udr,  Tdr,    oidi-,  oudr. 

- - ^ ' ^ X - - - ^ ~- ^ \- 

Transpose  dr  to  rd  and  repeat,  eid,  ard,  iird,  etc. 
3.  etl,     atl,     iitl,     otl,     otl,     ootl,     itl,    etl,    Tttl,     iitl,    III,    oill,     outl. 

"^ ^--^ '■■ ^ y ^ - ' ' ^ I- 

Transpose  tl  to  H  and  repeat,  elt.  alt,  lilt,  etc. 
Second  Group. 

1.  eind,  aiiid,  iinid,  omd,  Oind,  oonid,  iind,  eiiid,  aiud,  fund,  iiiid,  oiind,  omiid. 

-■^--■■.^ ^ i J - - ^ ^ ' ^ ) 

2.  emrt,  anirt,  ivnirt,  omrt,  omrt,  oonirt,  tnu't,   cinrt,  ruiirt,  iimrt,  Tiurt, 

[oinirt,  oiinirt. 


2.^ :i 1 


:r> J r::^ :^v. 

Transpose  the  last  two  final  consonants  iili'  to  nn  and 
repeat,  ermt,  armt,  limit,  etc. 

Transpose  the  last  two  final  consonants  )'t  to  tr  and  repeat, 
emtr,  amtr,  amtr,  etc. 


T   OB   D   ADDED. 


19 


o.  eitild,  amid,  iiinld,  oinld,  oiuld,  ooiuld,  imid,  t-iiild,  amid,  liinld,  Tmld. 

[oimld,  ovimld. 


^  ,  J 


J 


-"  -^ ' > J " ^ ^ ^ -■■-'■ ■> 


Transpose  ml  to  Jni  aud  repeat,  eluid,  filuul,  iiliutl,  etc. 
Transpose  Ul  to  iU  and  repeat,  emdl,  anidl,  ilmdl,  etc. 

Third  Group. 

1.  end,  And,  iiiid.  And,  ond,  oond,  ind,  end,  find,    ilnd,  ind,  oind,  onnd. 

^W ^ I ^ - ^ ^^ C 

2.  enrt,  Anrt.  iinrt,  onrt,  onrt,  oonrt,  Tnrt,  enrt,  anrt,  fnut.  inrt,  oinrt,  onnrt. 

^     v^  ^      ^  ^    V.  L       ^     .^ L- 

"- ^ \::: ^ ^ ^  ^ 

Transpose  iiv  to  vn  and  repeat,  ernt,  iirnt,  arnt,  etc. 
Transpose  Yt  to  tv  and  repeat,  entr,  antr,  antr,  etc. 
•  !.  enlt,  anlt,  iinlt,  onlt.  unit,  donlt,  hilt,  enlt,  anlt,  unit,  Tnlt,  uinlt,  (junlt. 

(     r  r     .  r     '^ 

T 
Transpose  nX  to  Im  and  repeat,  elnt,  alnt,  Ulnt,  etc. 
Transpose  Jf  to  tl  and  repeat,  entl,  antl,  lintl,  etc. 


c:. \ C C. ^. ^._ C ^ ^ 


Transposition  of  the  Vowel. 
Second  Group. 

1 .  mede,  made,  mad.  mod,  mode,miK)d,mid,  med,  mad, mud,  mide.  moid,  mund. 


20  BRAKIGRAPny. 

2.  metr,  nifitr,  miitr,  iiiotr,  niotr,  nioutr,  luitr,  nietr,  uiatr,  mfltr,  niltr,  moitr, 

[]i|hutr. 

z^...^....^...j :) 2 ^ i*} ^ ^.. 

Transpose  tv  to  ft  and  repeat,  nii-rt,  mart,  milrt,  etc. 

3.  niedl,  mruU,  niAdl,  inoill,  iiioiU,  moodl,  mull,  niedl,  niildl,  miidl,  inldi, 

[iiioidl,  luoudl. 

■--.^ ^ ^ J :^..-^ ^ ' - ^ 

Transpose  ill  to  Id  and  repeat,  mold,  maid,  milld,  etc. 
Third  Group. 
1.  nete,  nate,  nat,  not,   note.  iKJot,    nit,  net,  nat,    nnl,  nite,  noit,  nout. 

— ' I - -' - - ' 

2  netr  natr,  niitr,  notr.  notr,  nootr,  nitr,  netr,  natr,  nfitr,  nilr,  noitr,  nuiitr. 

:r....^.^.„^ L  :: ^_.A ^....^ 1, 

Transpose  tV  to  vt  and  repeat,  nert,  nfirt,  n'art,  etc. 

3.    nedl,  nildi,  niidl,    nodi,  nodi,  noixll,    nidi,    nedl,    nadl,  nfidl,  nidi. 

[noidl,  noudl. 

■^■- 7 ' ' r ^■■-- ^ ' - ^ 

Transpose  dl  to  Id  and  repeat,  nold,  niild,  nald,  etc. 
VRACTICAL  EXERCISE. 

eat,      ate,      at,      odd,      ode,      hid,      heat.      iiitle,      iieater,      iieard^^ 

art,                 odor,     ailed,      old,   oiled,  howled,     held, 
•  «=:;^ ^ ^. I- ^-■^■f ^ 


T   OR    D    PREFIXED    AND    ADDED.  21 

end,    owned,  liimt,  hound,  honored,  earned,  hunter,  liiininiered,  meed, 

^.«* L^ ■(. ^...-A..^ ^ _-i -^ — 

made,  mad,    mode,  mood,    mite,    metre,  matter,  nnitter,  mart,  mort, 

^ ) , ^ - 1 

mailed,    malt,  mold,  mild,    melt,     middle,      need,     not,  note,  net, 

^ ^ i ! ^ ^ r ' ( ^ 

nut,      night,     neater,       kneeled,       nailed,    moored. 

SECTION  111. 

T  OR  D  Prefixed  and  Added. — Shading  a  phonic  its 

entire  length  indicates  that  it  begins  with  t  or  fj,  and  ends 

with  the  same. 

First  Group. 

l.dede,  dade,  dad,  dod,  dode,  dood,  did,  ded,  d:Cd,  dud,  dide,  doid,  doud. 
2.  tetr,  tatr,  tiitr,  totr,  totr,  tootr,  titr,  tetr,  tatr,  tfltr,  titr,  tisitr.  toutr. 

::^ N. } \ - -. ^ \ ' ^ V. 

Transpose  e  and  r  and  repeat,  tret,  trat,  triit,  etc. 
Transpose  tr  to  ft  and  repeat,  tert,  tart,  tilrt,  etc. 

.'5.  dedl,  dadl,  diidl,  dodl,  dodl,  doodl,  didl,  dedl,  dadl,  dudl,  dldl,  doidl,  doudl, 
/  / 

-::::: ^ ^ /.. ., :. ^._ ^. „...^ /. 

Transpose  til  to  Jd  and  repeat,  deld,  dald,  dilld,  etc. 


22  -  BRAKIGRAPHY. 


Second  Groui'. 


1.  demd,  diirad,  diimd,  domd,  dOmd,  donmd,  dinid,  deind,  dilmd,  dumd, 

[dTiiid,  doinid,  doumd. 

2.  demrd,  di'imrd/lanird,  domrd,  domrd,  doomrd.dimrd,dt'mrd,dainrd,duiiiid, 

[dlinrd,  doimrd,  doumrd. 

Transpose  t*  and  /'and  repeat.,  diC'ind,  dranid,  drauul,  clc. 

3.  dendt,  dainlt,  dainlt,d6mlt,d6mlt,  doomlt,  dlmlt,  demit,  danilt,  dumlt, 

[dlmlt,  doinilt,  dounilt. 

=^..-=..^ > , i-..^. ' .-..,. 


Third  Group. 

1.  tfnd,  tand,  tiind,tond,  tniid,  toond,  tTud,  tend,  liind,  tiind,  tTnd,  toiiid,  toiind 

..^...._ (. ,(,. r._ ( .' 


I - - ^• 


■k 


2.  teiird,  tanrd,  tiinrd,  tonrd,  toiird,  toonrd,  ITnrd,  tenrd,  tilnrd,  tfniid,  tTnrd, 

[toinrd,  tniinrd. 

Transpose  tiv  to  TIT  and  repeat,  ternd,  tarnd,  tilrnd,  etc. 
Transpose  e  and  v  and  repeat,  trend,  trand,  trilnd,  etc. 

8.  tt'nld,  tanld,  tiinlil,  lonld,  tonld,  toonld,  ITnld,  tC-iild,  l;1nld,  tiinld,  tTnld, 

[toinld,  toiinld 

.^ ..  .^^ C.  C C ^„^ C L r-..  (■■ 


T   OU    D    PREFIXED    AND    ADDEI>,  "  2 

PRACTICAL  EXERCISE. 
<leeil.    datf,     dote,    died,     tart,     tort,       towere*!,       treat,       trait, 

trot,         dirt,  dolt,        toiled,       deemed,    tame  I,  doomed,    timed, 


^ N- L 


) 


•]■ 


dreamed,  drummed,  trimmed,  drained,  tend,  tanned,  drowned,  turned. 

Words  selected  from  advanced  lessous  for  present  use. 
the,      from,      of,      iiis,     is,     has,     as,      for,     wa.s,     with,     and. 

X                      i-          °         °         ,                K         .           7 
t  c o i JL..^ 


SENTENCES. 


Note. — The  past  tense  of  verbs  is  often  omitted  when  the 
context  will  supply  it. 


^....M..^..A ■ 


t^-i 


.y... 


1.1. 


<^^ 


.6 .( a.. 


I 


{ 


7- ^■■ 


^ ^-rf / ^ ' \- 

^....L: i..-. 


•/:-' ' U-- ' ^. 


-r /.. 


L 


7 

.' /. 


.:. I 


-:/. 


24  _  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

Translation. 

The  heat  from  the  hot  iron  made  the  model  melt.  H£ 
heard  of  the  murder  at  midnight.  I  held  my  hat  in  my  hand. 
Hi.s  name  is  Howard.  Maud;  our  new  maid,  has  no  needle. 
At  the  hour  of  ten  in  the  night  he  was  a  mile  or  more  from 
home.  He  ought  to  mould  the  metal  in  the  night.  The  end 
of  the  metal  handle  was  ironed.  I  heard  the  mild  murmur  of 
the  mermaid.  I  owed  the  moulder  a  mite  for  metal.  The 
mat  was  aired  and  the  odor  of  the  oil  was  milder.  Tom  met  the 
dame  at  the  turn  of  the  hill.     He  told  me  to  tell  the  old  tale. 


CHAPTER  III. 

SECTION  I. 

The  W  Hook. — The  initial  and  final  consonant  tc  is  repre- 
sented by  a  small  hook  joined  to  the  under  side  of  horizontal 
and  to  the  left  of  vertical  phonics.  The  iv  hook,  when  joined 
to  curves,  is  an  initial  only — never  final. 

1.  weed,      wade,     wood,     wed,      wait,      wit,    weaned,    waned,    wound. 

2.  wine,      wend,      won,      wind,      ware,      war,      wore,      wire,      water. 

1 ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ! L 

3.  warm,  warn,  worn,  wierd,   wired,  wart,   warmed,   warrant,   winter. 

4.  wield,      wail,      wall,      will,      well,      wool,     wild,     wailed,     weal. 

- ^- - "-■^- J - ^ - 

Final  N. — l>y  doubling  the  length  of  a  curve  the  conso- 
nant 'H  is  added  ;  thus, 


THE   INDEFINITE    VOWEL.  25 

mean,     men,     man,    meant,    moan,     non,     none,    noun,    noon. 


1 .  ' ( (.-.-.f 


The  Indefinite  Vowel. — Many  words  begin  or  end  with  a 
vowel  having  the  sound  of  i  or  u.     This  indefinite  vowel  is 
represented  by  a  short  light  tick  written  io  either  a  horizontal 
or  a  vertical  direction  ;  thus  : 
6.  muddv,  eightv,  wearv,  anuov,  weightv,  mightv,  award,  witty,  haughty. 

1     \     ■  ' 

)  "^  \  -I         i 

.../ — ?... rs ^. cm , 

This  indefinite  vowel  is  frequently  omitted  by  the  reporter 
when  it  would  not  involve  a  sacrifice  of  legibility. 

SECTION  11. 

The  R  Houk. — The  initial  and  final  consonant  v  is  repre- 
sented by  a  large  hook  similar  to  the  w  hook,  but  doubled  in 
size, 
ray,         raw,       row,      rye,       reed,       raid,     road,      rood,      rid. 

f  —  '  < —  ( 


.1 

1 


round,  rain,  renewed,  remote,  remain,  retain,  retainer,  return,  ream. 

4   ■-- , O crv...^^„„^. \      <^ 

runner,  reamer,  roomer,     rentier,     remit,     reared,     rare,     roar. 

^ " 

roll,       real,         rail,       rule,  royal,       rolle<l,     error,  mirror. 

.7 ^ 2 ^ ,2.......: 2 ;^ I^ 

horror,  holder,  nK)ul(ler,  luilder,  herder,  railer,  reamed,  remote. 

.: ± J. i cP... £:.. 1 

3 


26  BRAKIGRAPIIY. 

Final   ING> — The  final  syllable  itUf  is  represented  by  a 
small  dot  at  the  end  of  the  phonic  ;   thus, 
hearing,    hailing,    willing,    waiting,    dealing,    nearing.    nettin::?. 

..::::: - :^.. ^^ ^^ ^-- ^. 

The  plural  of  i lUJ  is  reprusenltd    by  a  sujail   eirc  e  at  the 
end  of  a  jthonie ;  thus, 
winnings,  earnings,  windings,  wanderings,  mouldings,      dealings. 


V. 


I V. ; 


Selected  Words. 
tliero,     have,     al'lor,     came,     eonie,       a   or   an,       by,  eould,  yon. 


" ^ 1 -" 

SENTENCES. 

.:..! ^..r^ ' ,.,/..IA....^ '. - I ^ 

-■"^^^^^^^^^^^^         ' V 

A / = f I /...I... / „ i :: ^ ' 


^ - ' ^ -■/ ' " -' i ^ ^ c- 

v. :.  .:^. /,...:: / L.._ ^yJl ::> /.r. 

%. L..^^l ^!/...| ^ ;- )....l :: d 

.^ : I :^ /....ll, ^....^ i ^ /....^. 

1. ] ,, ^/^  _\1  r.  '/^ 


CONSONANTS    CIIAY    AND    JAY.  27 

7\ansl<tlion. 

The^  *wild  animal  went  into  the  wood.  The  hunter 
weighed  the  meat,  and  mulled  the  wine.  He  wore  his  new 
white  hat  The  warm  wind  of  the  mild  winter  warmed  the 
water.  There  is  a  newer  and  a  neater  way  of  d  ling  this,  I 
might  have  had  the  wire  made  of  white  metal.  Nine  men 
■fcame  a  mile  in  one  hour,  and  it  was  noon  We  tried  to  do 
well.  Toward  noon  he  will  come.  The  old  man  died  on  the 
day  of  the  date  of  the  deed.  iMolly,  the  maid,  heard  of  her 
error  after  turning  the  mirror.  The  old  woman  had  earned  a 
reward  of  merit.  He  was  a  mighty  man  of  war.  Round 
and  round  the  dome  rode  the  reeling  rider  on  the  roan  mare. 
The  rude  railer  railed  at  the  good  reader.  Wearied  by  our 
run,  we  whiled  away  an  hour  waiting  by  the  railroad. 


CHAPTER  lY. 

SECTION  r. 
CHAY   and   JAY. — The     consonants    chaij^  and   ,yVfl/, 

initial  and  final,  being  nearly  alike  in  sound,  are  represented 
by  a  small  hook  similar  to  the  w  hook,  but  joined  to  the 
upper  side  of  horizontal,  and  to  right  side  of  vertical  phonics. 
When  the  chay  and  jay  hook  is  joined  to  curves  as  a 
final  it  is  turned  to  the  inner  side  of  the  curve. 

Note. — The  past  tense  of  verbs  is  often  omitted  when  the 
context  will  supply  it. 
gee,  jay,         jaw,     eliew.       joy,       .Tim,       <>;eni.    jam,       iliain. 

John,     .June,     gin,       join,       cacli,     hatoli,  watdi,     midtre.  match. 

'Z T """' ^ ^" 

*  The  phonic  has  the  r  inclination  ;  it  should  have  the  J  inclination, 
t  Came  and  come  are  frequently  altbreviated  in  reporting,  by  omitting  the 
last  par;  of  the  phonic. 


28  BRAKlGKAniY. 

iiiMcli,       rich,  wliicli,    niclie,    cliciT,    chair,    clioro,     cliarm,  chiin 

J e: :::...._._:;: ^ s. ? i.. 


tc'iicher,  touch,    jail,    jailed,     child,  challciine,  knowled-ic,  inillage. 
X ^ .^... 


r 


r 


SECTION  ir. 

The  CONSONANT  L.— ThecoDsonant  I  is  represented  by 
by  a  large  liook,  joined  to  the  same  side  of  the  plionic  as  the 
chay  and  Jatff  but  double  the  size  of  chfUf  and  jiUI. 

leech,       latch,      lead,      lay,  law,       low,       lid,         lad,        lie. 

r  ^ 


lame,      loam,      loom,      leaned,     lane,     loin,     loaned,     line,     leer, 

._ I ^ ^_.,c^ ^ r [, s 

lower,       liar,     laurel,  lurcii,     large,     world,     earl,     churl,     herald. 

S.. ^ C ^ \> \. ^ ^. 

Hlly,       lull,  little,         lonely,     landhird,      lantern,     tenderly. 

..<!. C. C......         C  ^ 

'"^ ^' 

journal,       go,      get,        he,  can,       got,         l)ul,         iiut. 


i.. 


c 


TRANSLATION.  29 

SENTENCES. 


•v-- 


(       ,    ' 


f- ^ ^ y...-^.A ^...A , L 

U ^-_ ^- ' k.Jl 


\ 


/ 


L 


) 


'.. ^...^.v..:::...l....:i/...'..A  '  ( 


T ;- 1 

/ 


/"...! r:....5: :- wC:.. 


^^\/ T /  p 

c : 2. - .....r ^ I \j. 


I 


.^ r ' ^i-.A :: r..]....L.i„r:..i...: 

- ^ , ' ^ ^ - ( ' '-44-' - 


>. 


u... ^. !:.../ 


Translaiion. 

Knowledge  is  a  jewel.  Richard,  the  rich  man,  ran  away 
from  liome.  After  ten  in  tlic  nit;lit  the  wind  clian;icd.  1'he 
danger  the  intelligent  irentleman  was  in  was  imaginary,  lie 
was  charged  not  to  judge  the  man  l)y  hi.s  n)anner.  Her 
gent'c  manner  clicated  the  unwary  woman  Go  tell  him  the 
dream  we  dreamed.  'Iho  man  had  no  doubt  as  to  his  duty 
in  the  matter.  The  little  lad  wandered  near  the  water.  The 
world  is  not  all  harmony,  lie  wrote  a  witty  letter  to  the 
lady.  'J'he  learned  rhymer  leaned  his  arm  on  the  railing 
which  lay  in  the  running  water.  'J'he  light  haired  man 
wanted  a  larger  load  of  lead.     Wc  heard  the  low  moaning  of 


30  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

the  wind  oa  the  mountain.  I  intend  to  try  my  hand  at 
tearing  down  the  old  wall.  The  trader  did  trade  away  his 
trained  trotter.     lie  managed  the  matter  ri";ht  well. 


CHAPTER  Y. 

THE  F  AND  V  CURVE. 

Th  consonants/*  and  t?,  both  initial  and  final,  are  repre- 
sented by  a  small  light  curve,  similar  to  the  in  and  the  li 
curve,  but  distinguished  from  them  by  being  much  hhorter. 

If  the  curve  is  made  nearly  a  semi-circle  it  indicates  that 
the  vowel  comes  first,  if  it  is  flattened,  the  vowel  comes  last, 
fee,    feed,      fade,     Ibiiirht,   vote,     foot,  light,     fame,     foam,     vim. 

'~ ■ I 

famed,     feigned,     fine,     found,  move,    muff,    knave,     knife,  miff". 

- - ' i ,- '— ' - 

) 
fear,      fair,      far,    for,     four,     fire,     fort,  feared,     ford,  dove,  void 

:, .._._.:^ ^ ^ ^ - 

fairly,    fairer,    farmer,  *forge,    *verge,    foreign,      feel,      fail,      fall. 


v^ 


..v^.. 


fallen,     never,     novel,   n;ival,   forward,  wharfage,   roof,         ravel. 

^ ^^ >■ -^^^ -^ n 

rover,    lover,      final,      fiame,    frame,    fruit,    freight,   fright,    fled. 

*  Supply  the  jay  hook  to  the  phonics. 


THE   F   AND    V   CITRVE.  31 

flood,      floor,      flare. 
J. ^ < 

It  will  be  observed  from  the  examples  above  that  the  /*  and 
V  curve  is  written  like  either  the  'tn  or  the  fi  curve. 

The  particular  form  to  be  used  iu  representing  words  is  a 
matter  of  convenience  entirely,  and  the  student  will  learn 
from  experience,  as  he  advances,  which  form  is  most  con- 
venient. 


^ .S.. ^ ;... 

V 

( 

SENTENCES. 

....:: /..- 

v_ 

L^    - 

/'     I 

./' 

I 

.1 1 .w..  J... 

,.A 

1 

: 'l .L.:\.. 

'/i       . 

o 

<o 

-1  )^  -^  /  / 

\,  ^  ._    7  ' 

^::/. 

^ 

% 

I  (''  ^ 

v_^ 

^A/^l 

-  ./ I... 

^ 

\ 

...(... i. [ . 

\  " 

/ • 

r....i...-./....i. 

/ 

<r- 

(/ 

Translation. 

We  fared  well  without  fear  of  the  famine.  He  feared  to 
offend  him  by  his  manner.  The  fond  feeling  of  the  woman 
was  very  much  hurt  by  the  fall  of  her  idol.  The  farmer 
fetched  his  forage  into  the  village.  The  fleet  footed  churl 
filched  a  roll  of  flannel  and  fled.  A  flower  was  found  on  the 
floor  in  the  morning.  The  miner  had  a  dull  tool,  and  he  tore 
down  a  ton  of  dirt  in  one  day.  The  men  and  the  women 
were  frightened  as  tlie  train  ran  on  the  tram-way. 


32  BRAKIORArHY. 


CHAPTER  YL 

INITIAL  AND  FINAL  S,  ST,  STR,  SL  AND  SP. 

Initial  and  final  S  is  represented  by  a  small  circle  joined  to 
the  upper  side  of  horizontal,  and  to  the  rijilit  side  of  vertical 
phonics  of  the  first  group,  and  to  the  inside  of  the  curves  of 
the  second  and  the  third  group, 
see,       say,     saw,  sow,  sight,    sat,      seed,       sod,     seem,     same. 

-     ^     r     r    '  ^      r     ^     ^ 

frr: J _^_^ ic:^._ 

some,      sane,     sun,  sign,  sinned,  send,  sand,  house,    eyes,       ace. 

..:>. - f '■    -    ._. .1 ^-- 

mace,  mice,    mouse,    nice,     seer,      soar,     sire,      sour,    summer. 

--- J " ^ \ --- 

simmer,  smear,    snear,   snore,  horse,  source,  force,  remorse,    v;orsc. 

_..:^ - ^ I ^ % w :^ 

seal,         sail,      soul,      soil,     solemn,     small,  smell,     snail,  smile. 


./.. 


..^.. 


INITIAL    AND    FINAL    S. 


33 


ST  is  represented  by  a  circle  double  the  size  of  the  s  circle. 
stay,      stow,      stew,     steam,    stem,  stamen,   stain,  stone,  stunned, 

..el t     ^_     ':: ^ cc:^:. s^ ^ <. 

east,       lin?t,    moit,  missed,  massei,  ceased,  leased,   last,     roast. 

Z^,___A J 1^ "f ^. %. 


-T) 


-C\D 


roused,  hoist,  restore,  steamer,     stormy,      sternly,    fast,     faster. 


-lifi- 


-e     -^    ,  ^     ^ 


■^ -i-J!- 


■■%■- 

store,  stair,  siear,   steal,  stole,  stool,   stale,  stall,  style. 

^     ^.   ^    -    ^         ^         ^  ' 

"P 

STR  is  represented  by  a  circle  double  the  size  of  the  at 
circle, 
stray,  straw,  stream,  strain,  easier,  oyster,  mister,  muster,  master. 

.c.    1. £: a. ±. o ::r ^■. 

SL  is  represented  by  a  small  semi-circle  turned  either  to  the 
right  or  the  left. 
slay,     slow,      sly,     slim,       slam,      slain,     slelge,  slayer,  slur. 

1 
..^- \ -: ^ - ^ 3. 1. 

SP  is  represented  by  a  sn)all,  flat  initial  loop  joined  to  the 
upper   side    of    horizontal,   and    the    right   side    of    vertical 
phonics  of  the  first  group,  and  to  the  inside  of  curves.     It  is 
never  used  as  a  final, 
speed,     spade,  spot,     spat,     spite,     spear,   spare,     spire,     spoil. 

- ^ ^ :^:- ..^... 

splutter,    spill,    spin,    spun,    span,    spine,  Spain,  sprain,  spurn. 

^ -_._:r f :....._s^_v 1. 


34  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

SENTENCES. 


■^^-^-^■-.. ^ ^ / 

p 


.?.. 


.  r 


A ' : ( 


- ■ <f^ > , .^...1. v;^    .      A.* I ^. 

^J.„...^..l ,1 \ i -e :: , '.. 


f/r [. ZJIILll2~tZ... 


7 


.Z....i 


T, ) 


\~-^- ---^ '^■V- 


\ 


1 


Translation. 

Our  horse  being  lame,  we  remained  over  night  at  a  wayside 
inn.  In  autumn  many  loaves  turn  red.  The  seal  of  the 
signer  was  in  the  centre.  The  silent  suffering  of  the  wounded 
softened  the  hearts  of  even  their  enemies.  The  very  winds 
and  waves  listened  to  his  voice.  The  winds  have  voices  and 
the  waves  have  faces.  They  ascended  the  distant  mountain, 
and  read  the  doom  of  their  race  in  the  setting  sun.  We  saw  a 
sly  smile  on  his  slim  slender  fiace.  The  slim  lad  with  the  sled 
slid  down  the  icy  hill.  In  the  splutter,*  the  handsome  lady 
from  Spain  spoiled  the  splendid  scenery.  There  are  many 
men  of  one  mind. 

♦Supply  the  r  boot  to  the  phonic. 


INITIAL  AND  FINAL  TH,  THR  AND  YEH.  35 

CHAPTER  YII. 

INITIAL  AND  FINAL  TH,  THR  AND  YEH. 

TH  is   represented  by  a  short,  light  tick,  written  obliquely 
downward  to  the  left,  or  obliquely  upward  to  the  right, 
thee.      they,    thaw,  though,   thv,    thou,  theme,    them,    thumb. 

-^     '       1      ''  -  J 

- - ^ -1 *-- '■- 

then,      than,    thine,  'thin,   thorn,  theorem,  therein,  there,  thirst. 

^  ^  "  -     \      --   ^       -     ^ 

.<vr^ .^^^^ r^Tm >. M. 

theorj-,  theatre,  thirdly,  thill,  thinly,  north,  south,  thcujjht,  seethe. 

..^ - '^ _- ^. !^ _.^f ' -.. 


THR  is  represented  by  a  short,  light  curve,  written  ob- 
liquely upward  to  the  right.  Both  forms  of  the  curve  are 
used.  The  word  irith  is  simply  the  tJi  tick  with  the  tv 
hook  prefixed.  The  same  phonic,  written  through  the  line 
and  shaded,  represents  without.  That  is  simply  the  tJi, 
tick  written  under  the  line  and  shaded, 
three,  through,  throughout,  thread,  thrust,  thrall,  with,  that,  without 

r—  1  ' 


i 


YEH  is  represented  by  a  short,  light  curve,  about  half  the 
length  of  the  thv  curve,    written   obliquely  upward   to  the 
right, 
ve,     yea,     vuu,     vear,     vore,     vacht,     yellow,     vic-kl,     yonder. 


36  BRAKIGRAPHY. 


Th'anslation. 
The  fierce  Indian  who  uttered  the  loud  yell  is  a  Ute.  A 
thousand  yellow  men  yelled  as  they  entered  the  enemy's  fort. 
That  old  yarn  which  the  sailor  related  was  only  a  yarn  after 
all.  The  lady  sent  for  three  yards  of  white  linen  thread. 
The  author  did  not  know  the  name  af  the  other  volume. 
There  are  eight  of  them  on  the  old  wall.  They  entered 
through  a  hole  in  the  hull.  The  drummer  drummed  on  his 
drum  during  the  trying  ordeal.  He  tried  to  thwart  him  in 
his  efforts.  The  silly  speech  was  not  delivered  in  the  theatre. 
He  fought  with  his  wily  adversary. 


CHAPTER  YIII. 

INITIAL  AND  FINAL  SW,  SH,  SHN,  SESSION 
AND  NG. 

SW  is  represented  by  a  small  circle  joined  to  the  under  side 
of  horizontal,  and  to  the  left  side  of  vertical  phonies  of  the 


INITIAL  AND  PINAL  SW,  SH,  SHN.  SESSION  AND  ING.    37 

firet  group,  and  to  the  back  or  convex  side  of  curves  of  the 

second  and  the  third^group. 

sway,    sweet,  sweat,  swaddle,  swim,  swam,  swain,  swale,  swell. 

scz tr: si^^. y<:.. ^... 

swarm,      swimmer,  swan    swindle,  sworn,  swine,  swift,  swerve. 

^     --,    ^ ^ 1 ' :: ^,.. 

SH  is  represented  by  beginning  or  ending  the  a  or  the  8W 
circle  with  a  small  back  hook  running  through  the  line, 
she,     show,     shaw,      shy,     shame,  sham,' shone,     shear,      share. 

_^        X. !^ a:r^ , I .t:: ^... 

shine,  shimmer,  shiner,  shore,  sure,  shell,  shall,  shadow,  surely. 

r^ A ^ 

\  "^ *^' X 

SHN  is  used  as  a  final  syllable  only,  and  is  similar  to  sh. 
but  the  hook  is  doubled  in  size, 
vision,  fashion,  motion,  notion,  ocean,  ration,  hash,  national,  sash, 

__ V, — <n A> rt> ^ 

emuiiouai,     missioner,     measurement,     nourishment. 

2  ;      -:v :^^,,,_^ \5^,^._ 

SESSION  or  SITION  is  represented  by  a  large  loop  joined 
to  either  side  of  straight  phonics,  and  to  the  inside  of  curves, 
physician,   musician,  transition,       cessation,         decision. 


NG  or  NK  is  represented  by  a  long  straight  mark,  about 
half  an  inch  in  length,  and  written  in  the  same  directions  as 
the  phonics  of  the  first  group. 

ink,         sing,       ring,  rung,     long,     song,    swing,  longer. 

r   f^ 


449454 


38 


BRAKIGRAPHY, 
SENTP]NCES. 


(       / 


/..: f'.. 


\ 


■Y- 


\. :: A. 


p 


\ 


.: rx.\ 


-  -  ( 


:v' 


r  '   ^   C   C 


■'  ^ 


/......, 


1 "^-^1 ■'". 


/  -      ^ V ?. --, 


<^ 


F  r 


^.    I;     ^ 


(   y\ 


V- 


-  ■\- 


'p ^^     - 


/ 


" /„  \ , 


/i 


cu, ,. ^ ^. 


J- 


) 


Translation. 

The  good  swimmer  swam  a  mile  ou  the  swell  of  the  waves. 
The  swollen  waters  swung  the  vessel  in  towards  the  shore. 
The  sweet  singer  sang  a  sweet  song  while  swinging  in  the 
swing.  After  being  lawfully  sworn,  the  witness  swore  that  he 
did  not  see  the  lady  swoon.  The  shy  man  shunned  the 
shining  sun  on  the  shore  while  fishing  for  shad.  They  have 
our  good  wishes  without*  malice.  The  shrewd  fellow  uttered  a 
shrill  whistle.  It  was  not  the  sentry's  intention  to  shoot 
the  officer;  the  shooting  was  not  intentional.  A  dram  was 
drained  from  the  tank  down    by  the  dam.     A   drunk  man 

*The  phonic  has  the  Jay  hook ;  it  should  have  the  w  hook. 


THE  CONSONANTS  P,  B,  K  AND  GAY. 


39 


dreamed  that  he  drew  a  drowning  man  out  of  the  water. 
Error  must  yield,  however  strongly  it  may  be  defended.  The 
learned  physician  and  the  musician,  while  in  a  state  of  transi- 
tion, fortifiei  their  decision  by  ar  cessation  of  hostilities. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

SECTION  I. 
The  Consonants  P,  B,  K  and  GAY. 

The  consonants  j>  and   h   are  represented  by  a  straight 
stroke  about  three-eighths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

B   may     be    distinguished    from   p    by    drawing    a    short 
oblique  line  across  the  phonic. 

When  a  word  is  represented  by  a  compound  phonic,  the 
first  part  of  the  phonic  is  written  in  its  proper  position,  and 
the  second  part  follows  without  regard  to  position, 
bee,      pay,         paw,      bow,    peer,     bear,      bar,      pour,     peal. 

""      _               i             I     —       -                           \       -^ 
-^^i::: 

ball,      bowl,    pale,     peep,    pop,     pope,      bay,     pa])al,     bough. 


./ ^ ! ^ L _ ^ }. 


K  and  GAY  are    represented    by  a  short  straight   stroke, 
about  tliree-sixtecnths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

GAY  may  be  distinguished  from  A*  by  a  short  oblique  line 
drawn  across  the  phonic, 
kee,       gav,     ijo,    cow,    care,    grew,    greed,    great,    glade,  close. 

" = J I .:^. .■; ■  ^^    ^  ,'^: /_ 


f 


keep,     cape,     cap,      cop,     cope,    coop,     keeper     cake,    clock. 

L_    I 


•1 1 


A- 


40 


BRAKIGRAPny. 


SECTION  ir. 

KW. — The  sound  represented  by  q  in  the  Knglish 
orthography  is  equivalent  to  Ji'fr,  and  is  represented  by  the 
phonic  A'  with  the  ?r  hook  attached. 

Practical  Exercise. 
beak,   bake,     back,     bock,   poke,   book,   baker,    poker,  cable. 

^ ^ ^ r^"^ ^ 7" 

maple,      noble,   nibble,  rebel,  rabble,    rubber,    ballast,  bailment. 


paid,     deep,  debate,  banner,  barge,     boat,  bathe,  batter,  better. 


bayonet,  pride,    proud,    plod,      play,    parasol,    present,    depart 


\      ^       / 


kick,    kitchen,     kiss,  keystone,      keel,    kennel,   cat,    courage. 

.11 zr :° 1 ; / ,. .^ v.. 

goad,  case,  casement,   carriage,  cartoon,  casket,      agony,    coal, 
ignoble,     coal-men.^     coal-mine,       gold-mine,     copper,  gobble. 

a ^ /... 


costs,   coast,   cautious,   caution,   sheep,  sheepish     shape,   ship, 

t  [^  1  i      ^—        -^       ^_         ^ 

labor,  squad,  squid,  squall,  square,  squeal,  squash,  squire,  squirt. 


■^ ^-.. 


SENTENCES.  41 

SENTENCES. 

J ^ /...._ v_..../ I 

Z     i  ^   ^  ^  '       - 

•^■■•■v ' 


f 

"1  " 


x '"T^ 7 r 


.-o 

A 


^  ,  ^ > 


/- ' -/ 


.'. V. 


/ 1..-/.: 


f..i ( ° L c , ^.,1^ :: '^ L 

;,..: - I- , .^.l\...Zl v 

"^  ) -^ r±r^..-..    fZ: ^...rz::^ .\ .^....r. 

^-^ ' ^^- 1    ^--^ ..L..r:.....\ : (" 


i  \ 


'     \.     a_.     ,       V     ^    -:?     .L^::::, (. 


/  / 


Transhition. 


Busied  with  public  affairs,  the  council  would  sit  for  hours 
smoking  and  watching  the  smoke  curl  from  their  pipes  to  the 
ceiling.      In   that  calm  Syrian  afternoon,  memory,  a  pensive 


42  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

Ruth,  weut  gleaning  the  silent  fields  of  childhood,  and 
found  the  scattered  grain  still  golden,  and  the  morning  sun- 
light *fresh  and  fair.  Dying  for  a  principle  is  a  higher  degree 
of  virtue  than  scolding  for  it.  If  ever  you  saw  a  crow  with 
a  king-bird  after  him,  you  have  an  image  of  a  dull  speaker 
and  a  lively  listener.  It  is  true  that  the  glorious  sun  pours 
down  his  golden  flood  as  cheerily  on  the  poor  man's  cottage  as 
on  the  rich  man's  palace.  When  a  man  becomes  overheated 
by  working,  running,  rowing  or  making  furious  speeches,  the 
six  or  seven  millions  of  perspiration  tubes  pour  out  their  fluid 
and  the  whole  body  is  bathed  and  cooled.  The  men  whom 
men  respect,  the  women  whom  women  approve,  are  the  men 
and  women  who  bless  their  species.  Sweet  was  the  sound, 
when  oft,  at  evening's  close,  up  yonder  hill  the  village 
murmur  rose ;  there,  as  I  passed  with  careless  steps  and  slow, 
the  mingling  notes  came  softened  from  below. 


♦Complete  sh  by  supplying  the  gh  hook. 


CHAPTER  X. 

EXPEDIENTS. 

The  vowel  I  and  the  diphthong  01,  as  well  as  phonics  in 
which  these  sounds  occur,  may  be  written  upward  occasionally 
when  it  is  desired  to  give  a  more  distinct  vocalization  to  a 
word. 

Ohio,     admire,    rely,    realize,     July,      toy,    boy,    coy,    destroy. 

When  it  is  desired  to  indicate  clearly  the  position  of  the 
vowel  in  a  word,  it  may  be  done  by  separating  the  vowel  froin 
the  consonant  by  drawing  a  short  lino  through  the  phonic. 


PREFIXES.  43 

ape,     aclie,      rock,     loak,      hoi)e,      seek,     eager,     equal,      pay. 


Prefixes. 

COM    and   CON   arc   indicated    by  a  short  shaded  mark, 
written  obliquely  downward  to  the  riglit  or  the  left. 

t'oniplv.  cr>mp\iin.  cnmprehond.  contain,  condone,  confu.se,  confound. 


The  prefix  CONTRA  is  represented  by  a  short  heavy  mark, 
written  in  a  horizontal  or  a  vertical  direction. 

contradict,    contract,    contributory,    contravene,    controversy. 


EX  is  represented  by  a  small  tick  written  obliquely  down- 
ward to  the  right,  or  upward  to  the  left. 

exert,    exalt,      extort,         express,       exhaust,      exist,  exchange, 
^t        ' ::::r:T-?.     ^ ?W^.. 

The  indefinite  vowel  is  u.sed  to  represent  fi^  (IH  or  at  id, 
and  the  th  tick  to  represent  they  or  tfi€f  at  tlie  beginning 
or  the  end  of  a  word.  When  the  sir  circle  is  used  as  a  final 
it  becomes  H'S  and  represents  ivas, 

may  ihe,         a  man,       the  man,  they  were,    ask  a,  ask  tiie. 


44  BRAKIGRAPHT. 

hearing  a,  licaring  the,    wearing  a,      wearing  tlie,           he  was. 
5^1 5!>-/. 

there  was,      thTe  is,  that  is,  that  was,  was  that. 

r. J. , 1 

The  word  which  is  often  indicated  by  the  chdy  hook 
at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  word.  Shoulll  is  often  indi- 
cated by  shading  the  sJl  hook. 

of  which,    for  which,    which  I,     whicli  he,     which  it,    which  had. 

r 


witli  which,  Avhich  would,  would  we,  we  will,  we  were,    are  we. 

I J ^"' 

were  we,         what  we,         will  have,  I  shall  he,  I  wish. 

3  ^  ^ -J 

^ , _ 

I  should,  I  will,         who  will.         should  not. 

J.  '^  V> 

</ 

Two  words  written  closely  together  indicates  that  the  words 
O/'  or  to  is  to  be  understood  as  coming  between  them. 
Several  words  are  frequently  joined  together  in  a  phrase 
without  lifting  the  [VJn  from  the  paper. 

The  vowel  OO^  or  any  phonic  containing  that  vowel,  when 
commenced  on  the  line,  takes  the  sound  of  U* 

The  dash  is  indicated  by  a  short,  horizontal,  wavy  line. 
Applause  is  indicated  by  a  short,  vertical,  wavy  Hue. 


practical  exercise.  45 

Practical  Exercise. 
SENTENCES. 


1   J 


T f— ' ^ 


^  y  -,  ^  .  /  r^  ^  ^ 


—1       ,_a ^      'f 


r^ C- ^ '. ^ ,    , 

\ '^......^.rr. l.-rr^A..:^. ' „ 


t:....!^....' k?. 


7 "'^ "^ K" 


/.J -...' V 


i. ^2..i 1 ll^-^.... .^.}A± 


^  /  -        .  \.        r 


■y  w  \  -rr     1 


'I     ■  '  '  I    ^  '  \  1^/      -^  1 


( J : 


': -1 ' ^ -' ' 


: -.O 1...Z -^! 


46  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

Translation. 

I  solemnly  declare  —  and  I  do  not  speak  unadvisedly  — 
that  the  measures  adopted  by  the  passage  of  this  resolution 
will  hasten  the  dissolution  of  the  union.  When  wc  carefully 
consider  what  appeals  to  our  minds,  and  exercise  upon  it  our 
own  reason  —  taking  into  respectful  consideration  what  others 
say  upon  it  —  and  then  come  to  a  conclui?ion  of  our  own,  we 
ast  as  intelligent  beings.  Pope  skimmed  the  cream  of  good 
sense  and  expression  wherever  he  could  find  it.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  marvelous  facts  in  the  natural  world,  that,  though  hy- 
drogen is  highly  inflammable,  and  oxygen  is  a  supporter  of  com- 
bustion, both  combined  form  an  element,  water,  which  is 
destructive  to  fire.  Commend  me  to  the  preacher  who  has 
learned  by  experience  what  are  human  ills  and  what  is  humau 
wrong.  Good  name  in  man  and  woman,  my  dear  Lord,  is  the 
immediate  jewel  of  their  souls.  Who  steals  my  purse  steals 
trash;  'tis  something,  nothing;  'twas  mine,  'tis  his,  and  has 
been  slave  to  thousands ;  but  he  that  filches  from  me  my  good 
name,  robs  me  of  that  which  not  enriches  him,  and  makes 
me  poor  indeed.  The  little  birds  at  morning  dawn,  clothed  in 
warm  coats  of  feather,  conclude  that  they  away  will  roam  to 
seek  for  milder  weather. 


DEATH    OP   LITTLE    NELL.  47 

CHAPTER    XI. 

DEATH  OF  LITTLE  NELL, 


y A....J.  ..,_.^,^ J .\. 

!.A....>o. S...^..l.^ 


■/■■-'- A...   .   ...,_^^ J V...-.»..r^..:.r^..J...-^... 


/^ , ^-1... (l.J...h../. 


.:^.../.r!._,Z...:^../:^..:^  J.../:::.A..^../..i..:::.\ 

/  .      , .     o 


.^.A...  ^....y..^..^.^..>.-.3.A....L^^../..(/i.i. 


A. 


:^..A.\...^...c.r...(,.:r^...<^A :..../J^l. 


_...i.2^ -^...^J x^ Ca 

-J \...L...^. ^...d::^. -rrr-^ .. 

^^ A...^ .....L ...^.^..^ 


l...^^ ,..r::^Q..^.l /..-..„. .  ......c^..C:. La i.. 


-^    ^- 


-^ ■^. ■:./.. 


0      ( 


4 ^.    .>-~D      \  ^        i        b 

T  T  \-  it^ V  ■" p- 


4...,.^^^....,...,..,...  >  , 


^" ~ T " 


48 


BRAKIORAPHY. 


c. : l..._l A i V 


■1' 


z: -' 

.r::0 L.A (..I\      / 


-v 


t /• 


/    > 


.\ 

r ^ 


ll Url 


( 


^t: 


^vv-^ 


-  ( 


v/.. 


^ ' b....^..._ 

^'  /  L     ''    ^-        J    . 

^ zz^:r  / .  I .  iv \^...c ; 

K....L..::T.r>-./  ,):...( ~ ^ ^:r>....L.r L.A 


1 >./. 

I 

3    - 


::..  C.   /-....'KrT; iK 


I 


./■^■■^ 


.hr^..^. 


\   ->-    / 


/  ^- 


/    ^    c'^ 


a-  C_ 


^  '^.::^..../j:')rr:rr.A....OZZ L 


\ 


C. J,  )■,.../...< 


"  / 


'rv  <il:  -' 


-I      N 


.: C 


\...S^.:.. 


DEATH    OP   LITTLE   NELL. 

J 


^     - 


49 

...c 


\...L.^ I 


.^ i 


H- 


) I'-C 


^- 


1 A, 


^    ^    V 


.^ (^._ 


Lv-.^..^.^ 

' if^ 'V^I^l i\ '7. - 


i"T 


'  f 


.v^. 


./...(....^ 


V  - 


/ 


!: L..i...A ! : 

::!!>../ v> f....i f ! r 


"7 ■ 


i ' r/-^ 


'\> 


^■■r- 


.V. 


.LvA 


/:..'..^. 


•A 


( 


4.A...,  / 


)■■/■ 


..^.., 


V- .-fSr:c^....rr.. 


'1- 1 


^  --t> 


A. 


' I ^ -^ 

VJ       N\  f  f 


A-y 


A.5:...r. 


J 


u.. 


C" 


50 


BRAKiaUATIIY. 


"^  ,.^-t-l 


'-  i 


..e.._i.._....iZ 


.•^v- 


l::.A....^....?..^ -..!).. .^,\ 


^  / 


1.). ....^ 


...LI 


? 


^ 


/ 


•^--■^■■■'^-^-■■A--^ ,-■ 


,.i..'::^...,v. 


^1./'  c 


.Ll.1 


.s....^....:(.,.r^. 


.!...>,. 


^    ( 


.^/.... [...../. 


......!::...i......L 

I  f 


L./X-..S..) , T~r.../. 


..,./. 


-v ^....C. 


..I.L..v..^....' (....^ .'^...,_ 


=:»...-.-....^.........2.. 


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DEATH    OF   LITTLE   NELL.  51 


DEATH  OF  LITTLE  iNELL. 

KOTE. — The  following  exercise  should  be  copied  over  and  over 
until  the  entire  exercise  can  be  written  from  dictation  at  a  speed 
of,  at  least,  one  hundred  words  per  minute. 

She  was  dead.  No  sleep  so  beautiful  and  calm,  so  free 
from  trace  of  pain,  so  fair  to  look  upon.  She  seemed  a 
creature  fresh  from  the  hand  of  God,  and  waiting  for  the 
breath  of  life;  not  one  who  had  lived  and  suflPered  death.  Her 
couch  was  dressed  with  here  and  there  some  winter-berries 
and  green  leaves,  gathered  in  a  spot  she  had  been  used  to 
favor.  "  When- 1  die,  put  near  me  something  that  has  loved 
the  light,  and  had  the  sky  above  it  always."  Those  were  her 
words. 

She  was  dead  Dear,  gentle,  patient,  noble  Nell  was  dead. 
Her  little  bird,  a  poor,  slight  thing,  which  the  pressure  of  a 
finger  would  have  crushed,  was  stirring  nimbly  in  its  cage; 
and  the  strong  heart  of  its  child-mistress  was  mute  and  mo- 
tionless forever.  Where  were  the  traces  of  her  early  cares, 
her  sufferings,  and  fatigues  ?  All  gone.  Sorrow  was  dead, 
indeed,  in  her;  but  peace  and  perfect  happiness  were  born — 
imaged — in  her  tranquil  beauty  and  profound  repose.  And 
still  her  former  self  lay  there  unaltered  in  this  change. 

Yes ;  the  old  fireside  had  smiled  upon  that  same  sweet 
face,  which  had  passed,  like  a  dream,  through  haunts  of 
misery  and  care.  At  the  door  of  the  poor  schoolmaster  on 
the  summer  evening,  before  the  furnace-fire  upon  the  cold 
wet  night,  at  the  same  still  bedside  of  the  dying  boy,  there 
had  been  the  same  mild,  lovely  look. 

The  old  man  took  one  languid  arm  in  his,  and  held  the 
small  hand  to  his  breast  for  warmth.  It  was  the  hand  she 
had  stretched  out  to  him  with  her  last  smile, — the  hand  that 
had  led  him  on  through  all  their  wanderinjjs.  Ever  and  anon 
he  pressed  it  to  his  lips ;  then  hugged  it  to  his  breast  again, 
murmuring  that  it  was  warmer  now ;  and,  as  he  said  it,  he 


52  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

looked  in  agony  to  those  who  stood  around,  as  if  imploring 
them  to  help  her. 

She  was  dead,  and  past  all  help  or  need  of  it.  The  ancient 
rooms  she  had  seemed  to  fill  with  life,  even  while  her  own  was 
waning  fast,  the  garden  she  had  tended,  the  eyes  she  had  glad- 
dened, the  noiseless  haunts  of  many  a  thoughtful  hour,  the 
paths  she  had  trodden^  as  it  were,  but  yesterday,  could  know 
her  no  more. 

She  had  been  dead  two  days.  They  were  all  about  her  at 
the  time,  knowing  that  the  end  was  drawing  on.  She  diei 
soon  after  daybreak.  They  had  read  and  talked  to  her  in 
the  earlier  portion  of  the  night,  but,  as  the  hours  crept  on, 
she  sunk  to  sleep.  They  could  tell,  by  what  she  faintly  ut- 
tered in  her  dreams,  that  they  were  of  her  journcyings  with 
the  old  man  ;  they  were  of  no  painful-  scenes,  but  of  those  who 
had  helped  and  used  them  kindly  ;  for  she  often  said,  "  God 
bless  you  !"  with  great  fervor.  Waking,  she  never  wandered 
in  her  mind  but  once  ;  and  that  was  at  beautiful  music  which  . 
she  said  was  in  the  air.     God  knows.     It  may  have  been. 

Opening  her  eyes  at  last  from  a  very  quiet  sleep,  she 
begged  that  they  would  kiss  her  once  again.  That  done,  slie 
turned  to  the  old  man,  with  a  lovely  smile  upon  her  face, 
— such,  they  said,  as  they  had  never  seen,  and  never  could 
forget — and  clung  with  both  arms  about  his  neck.  They  did 
not  know  that  she  was  dead  at  first. 

She  had  spoken  very  often  of  the  two  sisters,  who,  she  said, 
were  like  dear  friends  to  her.  She  wished  they  could  be  told 
how  much  she  thought  about  them,  and  how  she  had  watched 
them  as  they  walked  together  by  the  river-side.  She  would 
like  to  see  poor  Kit,  she  had  often  said  of  late.  She  wished 
there  was  somebody  to  take  her  love  to  Kit,  and  even  then 
she  never  thought  or  spoke  about  him  but  with  something  of 
her  old,  clear,  merry  laugh. 

For  the  rest,  she  had  never  murmured  or  complained  ;  but, 
with    a   quiet   mind,  and    manner  quite  unaltered,  save  that 


DEATU   OF   LITTLE   NELL.  53 

she  every  day  became  more  earnest  and  more  grateful  to  them, 
she  faded  like  the  light  upon  the  summer's  evening. 

The  child  who  had  been  her  little  friend  came  there, 
almost  as  soon  as  it  was  day,  with  an  offering  of  dried  flowers, 
which  he  asked  them  to  lay  upon  her  breast.  He  begged  hard 
to  see  her,  saying  that  he  would  be  very  quiet,  and  that  they 
need  not  fear  his  being  alarmed,  for  he  sat  alone  by  his 
younger  brother  all  day  long  when  he  was  dead,  and  had  felt 
glad  to  be  so  near  him. 

They  let  him  have  his  wish ;  and,  indeed,  he  kept  his 
word  ;  and  was,  in  his  childish  way,  a  lesson  to  them  all.  Up 
to  that  time  the  old  man  had  not  spoken  once, — except  to  her 
— or  stirred  from  the  bedside.  But,  when  he  saw  her  little 
favorite,  he  was  moved  as  they  had  not  seen  him  yet,  and 
made  as  though  he  would  have  come  nearer. 

Then,  pointing  to  the  bed,  he  burst  into  tears  for  the  first 
time;  and  they  who  stood  by,  knowing  that  the  sight  of  this 
child  had  done  him  good,  left  them  alone  together.  Soothing 
him  with  his  artless  talk  of  her,  the  child  persuaded  him  to 
take  .some  rest,  to  walk  abroad,  to  do  almo.st  as  he  desired  him. 
And  when  the  day  came  on  which  they  must  remove  her  in 
her  earthly  shape  from  earthly  eyes  forever,  he  led  him  away, 
that  he  might  not  know  when  she  was  taken  from  him. 

And  now  the  bell — the  bell  she  had  .so  often  heard  by 
night  and  day,  and  listened  to  it  with  solemn  pleasure,  almost 
as  a  living  voice — rung  its  remorscle.ss  toll  for  her,  so  young, 
so  beautiful,  so  good.  Decrepit  age,  and  vigorous  life,  and 
blooming  youth,  and  ^helpless  infancy,  poured  forth  —  on 
crutches,  in  the  pride  of  health  and  strength,  inj  the  full 
blush  of  promise,  in  the  mere  dawn  of  life — to  gather  round 
her  tomb. 

Old  men  were  there,  whose  eyes  were  dim  and  senses  fail, 
ing;  grandmothei-s,  who  might  have  died  ten  years  ago  and 
still  been  old;  the  deaf,  the  blind,  the  lame,  thej  palsied,  the 
liviog  dead,  \n  many  shapes  and  forms,  were  there,  to  see  the 


54  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

closing  of  that  early  grave.  Along  the  crowded  path  they 
bore  her  now,  pure  as  the  newly-fallen  snow  that  covered  it, 
whose  day  on  earth  had  been  as  fleeting. 

Under  that  porch,  where  she  had  sat  when  Heaven  in  its 
mercy  brought  her  to  that  peaceful  spot,  she  passed  again  ; 
and  the  old  church  received  her  in  its  quiet  shade.  They 
carried  her  to  an  old  nook,  where  she  had  many  and  many 
a  time  sat  musing,  and  laid  their  burden  softly  on  the  pave- 
ment. The  light  streamed  on  it  through  the  colored  window, 
— a  window  where  the  bows  of  trees  were  ever  rustling  in 
the  summer,  and  where  the  birds  sang  sweetly  all  day  long. 
With  every  breath  of  air  that  stirred  among  those  branches  in 
the  sunshine,  some  trembling,  changing  light  would  fall  upon 
her  grave. 

Earth  to  earth,  ashes  to  ashes,  dust  to  dust !  Many  a  young 
hand  dropped  in  its  little  wreath  ;  many  a  stifled  sob  was 
heard.  Some — and  they  were  not  a  few — knelt  down.  All 
were  sincere  and  truthful  in  their  sorrow.  The  service  done, 
the  mourners  stood  apart,  and  the  villagers  closed  round  to 
look  into  the^grave  before  the  stone  should  be  replaced. 

One  called  to  mind  how  he  had  seen  her  sitting  on  that  very 
spot,  and  how  her  book  had  fallen  on  her  lap,  and  she  was 
gazing  with  a  pensive  face  upon  the  sky.  Another  told  how 
he  had  wondered  much  that  one  so  delicate  as  she  should  be 
so  bold  ;  how  she  had  never  feared_to  enter  the  church  alone 
at  night,  but  had  loved  to  linger  there  when  all  was  quiet, 
and  even  to  climb  the  tower-stair  with  no  more  light  than 
that  of  the  moon-rays  stealing  through  the  loopholes  in  the 
thick  old  walls. 

A  whisper  went  about  among  the  oldest  there  that  she  had 
seen  and  talked  with  angels ;  and,  when  they  called  to  mind 
how  she  had  looked  and  spoken,  and  her  early  death,  some 
thought  it  might  be  so  indeed.  Thus  coming  to  the  grave 
in  little  knots,  and  glancing  down,  and  giving  place  to  others, 
and  falling  ofi"  in  whispering   groups  of  three  or  four,  the 


DEATH    OF   LITTLE   NELL.  55 

church  was  cleared  in  time  of  all   but  the  sexton  and  the 
mourning  friends. 

Then,  when  the  dusk  of  evening  had  come  on,  and  not  a 
sound  disturbed  the  sacred  stillness  of  the  place,  when  the 
bright  moon  poured  in  her  light  on  tomb  and  monument,  on 
pillar,  wall  and  arch,  and  most  of  all,  it  seemed  to  them,  upon 
her  quiet  grave, — in  that  calm  time  when  all  outward  things 
and  inward  thought  teem  with  assurances  of  immortality,  and 
worldly  hopes  and  fears  are  humbled  in  the  dust  before  them, 
—  then,  with  tranquil  and  submissive  hearts,  they  turned 
away,  and  left  the  child  with  God. — Dickens. 


CIRCULAR  AND  TESTIMONIALS. 

BRAKIGRAPHY. 


The  gi  eat  superiority  of  Brakigrapliy  ovcr^thc  old  systems  of 
short  hand  has  been  fully  demonstrated  during  the  past  year, 
the  majority  of  our  own  students  having  leirned  to  write  in  a 
six  months'  course,  at  a  speed  varying  from  100  to  150  words 
per  minute,  and  to  read  their  notes  at  sight. 

During  the  year  we  obtained  situations  for  twenty-seven 
students,  and  between  twenty  and  thirty  secured  positions  for 
tlicmselves,  making  in  all  over  fifty  who  commenced,  com- 
pleted tier  course,  and  put  their  ktowledgc  to  practical  use 
within  the  year.  Students  of  the  old  systen:s  are  forced  to 
acknowledge  that  such  a  degree  of  proficiency  cannot  be 
attained  by  them;  and  the  question  naturally  suggests  itself, 
whether  it  would  not  be  wise  on  their  part  to  drop  a  system 
which  they  can  neither  write  nor  read,  and  take  up  one  in 
which  they  can  have  assurance  of  success. 

A  well-known  manufacturer  of  Pittsburgh  in  a  converiation 
lately,  remarked  to]  the  author  that,  having  advert'sed  for  a 
stenographer,  he  had  four  applicants  who  us)d  one  o!"  the  old 
systems.  Three  of  the  applicants  had  from  two  to  three 
years'  experience,  but  they  were  all  rejected,  because,  when 
Called  upon,  they  could  not  read  their  own  writing.  We  have 
no  hesitation  in  saying  that  not  one  of  the  fifty  of  our  students 
who  took  situations  last  year,  will  ever  be  discharged  for  that 
cause. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  been  wearing  out  their 
brains  for  years  in  a  vain  endeavor  to  master  (he  arbitrary 


58  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

signs  of  the  old  systems,  while  our  students  master  Braki- 
graphy  and  a'ccept  situations  in  a  few  months,  we  publish 
letters  from  some  of  them,  regretting  that  want  of  space 
obliges  us  to  curtail  the  number. 

It  is  a  note-worthy  fact,  that  writers  of  Brakigraphy  being 
able  to  read  their  notes  at  sight^  and  consequently  able  to 
perform  a  large  amount  of  work  in  a  day,  command  much 
higher  salaries  than  writers  of  the  old  systems,  who  lose  at 
least  half  their  time  endeavoring  to  decipher  their  writing. 

SELF-INSTRUCTION. 

The  "  Elements  of  Brakigraphy"  has  been  prepared  espec- 
ially to  meet  the  want  of  those  who  have  not  the  means  to 
take  a  course  of  instruction  under  a  teacher. 

No  person  of  ordinary  education  and  facility  with  the  pen, 
need  have  any  fears  of  failure  to  learn  from  this  little  book, 
provided  he  has  energy  sufficient  to  carry  through  successfully 
any  ordinary  project  of  life.  In  this  book  is  embodied  the 
experience  of  two  years  of  successful  teaching;  and  the  lessons 
are  presented  in  precisely  the  same  form  as  those  given  by 
mail  to  students  at  a  distance.  The  student  will  find  that 
very  little  mental  labor  is  required  after  the  first  chapter  has 
been  thoroughly  mastered ;  and  the  rapidity  of  his  progress  will 
depend  for  the  most  part  on  his  application  to  practice. 

Unlike  the  old  arbitrary  systems,  Brakigraphy  is  a  science, 
and  the  student  perceives  a  reason  for  every  step  in  his  progress; 
and  as  his  ability  to  record  the  exact  words  of  a  speaker 
increases  the  fascination  of  the  study  increases  to  such  an 
extent  that  he  is  frequently  tempted  to  neglect  other  duties  in 
order  to  devote  more  time  to  it. 

In  order  that  it  may  be  within  reach  of  all,  the  price  of  the 
"Elements  of  Brakigraphy"  has  been  fixed  at  one  dollar, 
which,  considering  the  heavy  expense  of  the  engraving,  is 
very  low. 


CIRCULAR.  59 

PITTSBURGII  COLLEGE  OF  SHORTHAND. 

To  those  who  desire  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  actual 
business  of  reporting  in  the  shortest  time  possible,  our  school 
offers  superior  advantages. 

The  course  of  instruction  embraces  a  thorough  drill  in 
rapid  reading  and  writing,  criticism,  the  proper  forms  for 
captions  of  legal  documents,  preparing  copy  for  the  printer, 
punctuation,  letter  writing,  and,  in  short,  everything  necessary 
to  fit  the  stenographer  for  a  successful  performance  of  the 
duties  of  any  branch  of  the  profession. 

"Within  a  few  years  type  writing  has  become  an  almost 
indispensable  adjunct  to  stenography  for  the  speedy  transcrip- 
tion of  short-hand  notes,  and  students  receive  careful  instruc- 
tion therein.  Our  school  is  supplied  with  a  number  of 
Remington  type-writers,  of  which  students  have  the  use  until 
they  become  proficient. 

We  do  not  guarantee  to  procure  situations  for  students,  but, 
having  many  applications  for  stenographers  from  business 
firms,  we  always  fill  such  situations  with  our  best  students. 

We  have  no  classes.  Each  student  has  a  lesson  assign- 
ed to  him  individually,  the  principles  of  which  are  fully 
explained  and,  after  a  thorough  oral  drill,  he  is  required  to 
take  the  lesson  to  his  home  or  room,  and  practice  writing  it 
until  the  principles  are  indelibly  impressed  upon  his  memory, 
when  he  is  ready  for  another  lesson. 

The  charge  for  the  entire  course  (time  unlimited),  including 
instruction  on  the  type-writer,  and  in  everything  necessary  to 
make  a  first-class  stenographer,  is  thirty  dollars  in  advance. 
This  is  tbe  cheapest  course  a  student  can  take,  as  there  are  no 
restrictions  to  it,  the  student  being  at  liberty  to  stop  when 
interrupted  with  other  business,  and  resume  again  at  pleasure. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  the  means  to  pay  for 
the  entire  course  in  advance,  we  have  made  a  special  arrange- 
ment, which  includes  the  same  instruction  as  the  former,  but 


60  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

the  student  is  not  at  liberty  to  lose  time,  unless  at  his  own  ex- 
pense. The  charge  for  instruction  in  this  way  is  five  dollars 
per  month  in  advance.  To  students  at  a  distance,  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  short-hand  will  be  given  by  mail  for  the  same 
price.     Many  successful  reporters  have  been  made  in  this  way. 

The  charge  for  a  single  lesson  is  one  dollar. 

Type-writer  instruction  without  short-hand  is  five  dollars 
per  month  in  advance.  This  entitles  the  student  to  nine 
hours  practice  per  week,  and  careful  instruction  in  the  opera- 
tion and  care  of  the  instrument. 

Teachers  of  Brakigraphy  supplied  with  circulars,  books, 
paper,  pens,  etc.,  at  cost. 

EMPLOYMENT  AND  SALARIES. 

Stenographers  are  extensively  employed  by  the  Courts 
throughout  the  United  States,  by  Congress  and  the  Legisla- 
tures of  the  different  States,  by  lawyers,  clergymen,  railroad 
companies,  telegraph  companies,  express  companies,  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  firms,  insurance  companies  and  agencies, 
commercial  agencies — in  short,  wherever  there  is  much  writing 
to  do,  and  economy  of  time  necessary,  stenographers  are 
employed. 

Stenographers  who  use  Brakigraphy  generally  begin  on 
salaries  ranging  from  $40  to  $60  per  month,  and,  as  they 
acquire  experience,  their  salaries  are  increased  until  they  reach 
$125,  or  more,  per  month.  Stenographers  of  experience, 
who  engage  in  law  reporting,  make  from  $3,000  to  $6,000 
per  annum. 

We  are  in  constant  receipt  of  letters  of  inquiry  concerning 
.short-hand,  and  have  endeavored  to  answer  them  in  this 
circular.  Should  anyone,  however,  desire  information  not 
already  answered,  he  Is  cordially  invited  to  call  upon  or  address 
the  author  at  the  Germania  l^ank  Buildipg,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TESTIMONIALS. 


From  the  Pittsburgh  Telegraph. 
Mr.  John  T.  Porter  is  the  oldest  short-hand  reporter  in  Pitts- 
burgh, and  has  had  a  very  large  experience  in  tiie  Courts.  *  *  * 
His  system  of  short-hand  is  unique  ;  by  its  use  a  saving  of  thirty 
per  cent,  is  eflected  over  the"  Graham,"  which  hitherto  has  been 
considered  the  most  abbreviated  svstem  extant. 


From  the  Pittsburgh  Post. 
The  merits  of  Brakigraphy  are  that  it  is  so  simple  in  construc- 
tion  as  to  be  easily  understood,  easilj-  remembered,  and  can  be 
written  with  the  rapidity  of  speech,  without  extraordinary  effort 
by  the  short-hand  writer. 

From  tlie  Pittsburgh  Sunday  Leader. 
*     »    *    *     *    This  sj-stem  of  short-hand,  termed  Brakigraphy, 
has  the  merit  of  being  so  plain  and  simple  that  it  is  easily  acquired 
b}'  any  person  of  ordinary  intelligence. 


From  the  Pittsburgh  Legal  Journal. 

Edited  by  E.  Y.  Breck,  Official  Stenographer  of  Common 
Pleas  Court  No.  1. 

Mr.  Porter's  work  will  meet  the  demand  for  a  system  of  short- 
hand capable  of  being  used  in  ordinary  business  transactions. 
Being  founded  upon  the  vowels,  instead  of  the  consonants,  as  in 
other  systems,  it  is  so  legible  that  stenographers  using  it  can  readily 
read  each  others  note= ;  and  so  brief  that  the  author  claims  it 
exceeds  in  speed,  by  almost  one-third,  the  most  rapid  of  the  old 
systems.  Many  young  men  who  began  the  study  of  the  art  under 
Mr.  Porter's  tutelage  a  few  months  ago,  are  now  filling  situations 
as  .stenographic  correspondents  in  this  city  and  elsewhere. 

Tiie  author  has  been  long  and  favorably  known  as  an  accom- 
plished stenographer  of  the  Graham  and  Pitman  schools,  and  the 
tact  that  he  now  writes  his  own  system  with  greater  ease  and 
speed,  and  increased  legibility,  is  an  excellent  recommendation  of 
its  worth. 


Mr.  J.  T.  Porter,  Esq  ,  Dear  Sir: — I  have  made  a  somewhat 
critical  examination  of  your  system  of  sliort-hand  writing,  called 
Brakigraphy,  and  must  say  that  upon  a  comparison  of  it  with  the 

6 


62  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

several  systems  of  Phonography  now  in  general  use,  I  find  it  is 
from  twenty-five  to  thirty  per  cent,  shorter;  and  in  the  matter  of 
legibility  it  is  superior  to  any  system  of  short-hand  extant. 

Your  admirable  classification  of  the  elementary  sounds  of  the 
language  will  undoubtedly  divest  the  study  of  the  art  of  many  of 
its  disagreeable  features,  one  of  which  is  the  tediousness  incident 
to  committing  to  memory  long  lists  of  arbitrary  word-signs. 

Very  respectfully, 

GEO.  B.  LIPPINCOTT, 
Official  Stenographer,  Common  Pleas  No.  1,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


After  a  careful  examination  of  Brakigraphy,  I  am  able  to  say 
that  I  believe  it  surpasses  in  speed  and  legibility  any  of  the  old 
systems  now  in  use.  It  is  founded  upon  an  entirely  new  theory, 
and  answers  perfectly  the  demand  of  the  times  for  a  system  of 
short-hflnd  writing,  easy  to  learn,  easy  to  read,  and  easily 
written. 

W.  A.  SCHMIDT, 
Court  Stenographer,  Office  1.39  Fourth  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


After  examining  the  system  of  Brakigraphy,  or  phonic  short* 
hand,  I  find  that  it  is'an  improvement  over  the  old  systems.  Mr- 
Porter  has  proven  conclusively  that  a  system  built  upon  vowels 
instead  of  consonants  is  more  easily  learned,  and  that  greater 
speed  is  acquired.  Beginners  now  in  his  system  have  not  the 
difficulties  to  encounter  that  we  older  stenographers  had  when  we 
began  our  studies.  There  have  been  many  improvements  in  the 
art  of  short-hand  writing,  but  all  the  late  system  were  founded 
more  or  less  on  the~earlier  effi)rts  of  phonographic  authors  and  I 
congratulate  the  author  of  Brakigraphy  that  he  has  had  the 
courage  to  turn  aside  from  the  well  beaten  path. 

A.  E.  LUTY, 
Stenographer  of  the  Dispatch,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


]  might  be  appropriately  denominated  a  Brakigraphical  en- 
thusiast. "While  studying  Brakigraphy  J  was  closely  occupied  in 
in  a  school  room  durinjr  the  day,  and  had  only  my  evenings  to 
devote  to  practice,  and  as  may  be  inferred  my  mind  was  less  bright 
after  teaching  all  day  than  it  would  have  been  had  my  occupation 
been  less  laborious.  After  precisely  six  months'  study,  I  found 
that  J  could  write  100  words  per  minute  with  perfect  ease. 
Miss  CARRIE  V.  YOUNG, 
Stenographer  for  the  "  Iron  Age,"  Office  77  Fourth  Ave., 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TESTIMONIALS.  fi3 

After  studying  Brakigraphy  for  seven  months,  I  was  able  to 
write  about  100  words  per  minute  on  an  average,  and  accepted  a 
position  where  I  am  jiutting  it  to  practical  use. 
W.  J.  FLEMING, 

Stenographer  for  the  P.,  C.  «&  St.  L.  Kail  way  Co., 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


After  studying  Brakigraphy  for  about  four  months,  I  was  able 
to  wriie  about  from  75  to  80  words  per  minute.  For  rapidity, 
legibility,  and  the  case  with  which  it  is  learned,  it  is  undoubtedly 
the  best  system  of  short-hand  now  in  use. 

W.  H.  STURGEON,  Jr., 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


At  a  very  low  estimate  I  could  write  100  words  per  minute  after 
devoting  four  hours  per  day  for  five  months  to  the  study  of  Braki- 
graphy. 

Miss  IDA  E.  BARNES, 
Independent  Stenographer,  Office  136  Fifth  Ave., 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


I  have  studied  Brakigraphy,  and  take  y)lea3ure  in  commending 
it  to  all  who  may  have  a  di'sire  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  this 
useful  art. 

JAMES  H.  YOUNG, 
Stenographer  for  Paine,  Ablett  &  Co.,  Limited 


I  was  at  one  time  a  student  of  Pitman's  system  of  short-hand, 
but  having  learned  to  write  Brakigraphy,  can  truthfully  say  that 
1  consider  it  much  superior  to  any  system  of  short  hand  that  I 
have  ever  examined.  Six  months  of  study  and  practice  have 
enabled  mo  to  put  it  to  practical  use  in  taking  depositions,  etc.  It 
is  speed}',  accurate  and  easily  read,  and  altogether  I  am  delighted 
with  it. 

S.  C.  CLARK, 
Attorney  at  Law,  Washington,  Pa. 


I  took  lessons  in  Brakigraphy  between  six  and  seven  months, 
devoting  about  four  liours  per  day  to  its  study  and  could  then 
write  115  words  per  minute. 

Miss  SADIE  E.  HILDERBRAND, 
Stenographer  for  S.  S.  Marvin  &  Co  ,  Liberty  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


I  have  taken  instructions  in  Brakigraphy  from  you  for  about 
11  vo  months,  and  can  now  write  120  words  per  minute,  and  have 
noditlitulty  whatever  in  reading  it.   To  anyone  desiring  to  reach 


64  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

competency  in  this  i)rofe.ssion,  your  system  offers  suj)erior  advan- 
tages in  simplicity,  legibility  and  rapidity. 

Kecommending  Brakigraphy  to  all  who  desire  to  become  pro- 
licient  in  this  beautiful  art, 

I  am,  yours  very  truly, 

L.  G.  ViARRETT, 
iStenographer  for  the  Pittsburgh  Fire  Arras  Co. 


Dear  Sir. — It  may  be  interesting  to  you  to  know  how  I  am 
succeeding  with  Brakigrapll^^  I  have  been  practicing  at  home 
a  few  months,  and  can  write  130  words  per  minute,  and  I  entertain 
the  very  highest  opinion  of  its  merits. 

W.  B.  DUVALL, 
Croom  Station,  Prince  George's  Co.,  Maryland. 

After  having  studied  Graham's  system  of  short-hand  for  some 
time,  I  was  induced  to  take  up  Brakigraphy,  and  have  found  it 
much  more  easily  learned.  One  of  its  many  advantages  is  the 
absence  of  the  long  lists  of  arbitrary  word-signs  found  in  the  old 
systems. 

w.  K.  Mcelroy, 

Car  Accountant  Office,  Allegheny  Valley  R.  R.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


After  studying  your  system  of  short-hand  for  about  four  months, 
I  found  that  I  could  write  1*20  words  per  minute. 

Miss  BERTIE  F.  CAMPBELL, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
Stenographer  for  Paine,  Ablett  &  Co.,  Limited. 


J.  T,  PoRTKR,  Esq. — Dear  Sir  : — 1  believe  my  fourth  month  has 
about  expired.  *  *  *  I  have  been  sick  a  great  part  of  the 
time,  and  our  business  has  been  unusually  good  this  fall,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  I  have  been  very  busy.  However,  1  am  able  to 
write  about  70  words  per  minute,  and  I  feel  confident  that  if  I 
could  liave  devote<l  from  two  to  four  hours  each  day,  during  the 
jiast  four  months  to  the  study  of  your  system,  I  could  by  this  time 
have  reached  a  speodof  100  words  per  minute.     I  remain, 

Yours  very  respectfuUv, 

E.  H.  LEIZURE, 

McKeosport,  Pa. 


1  ,havo  studied  Bralvigraphy  between  five  and  six  months,  and 
can  write  135  words  per  minute.  Its  simplicity  and  its  case  of 
c<niiprehension  make  it  a  delightful  study. 

A  person's  evenings  cannot  be  spent  more  profitably,  nor  yet 
mf)re  jileasantly  ihan  in  its  practice. 

C.  C.  SMITH, 
Corresponding  Stenograjdier  for  F.  &  J.  Heinz,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TESTIMONIALS.  65 

John  T.  Portbr,  Esq. — Dear  Sir: — In  Jiinuary  Inst  I  first 
thousht  of  learning  short-hand,  and  after  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion of  several  systems,  I  selected  yours,  as  it  seemed  to  me  that  T 
could  seethe  principle  upon  which  it  was  l-ased,  which  I  could  not 
then  see  (nor  do  I  yet)  in  the  old  s^-stems.  I  feel  more  than 
pleased  that  I  did  so,  as  I  can  now,  after  six  months'  studj'.  write 
any  matter  from  dictation,  with  a  speed  of  120  words  per  minute 
with  ease. 

I  cheerfully  recommend  your  system  as  being  easily-  understood, 
and  easily  acquired  by  anyone  with  application,  and  as  being  easily 
read  when  acquired. 

Very  respectfully, 

CHARLES  M.  SOUTH, 
Stenographer  for  the  P.,  F.  W.  &  0.  R.  R.  Co. 
Mr  South  is  but  fourteen  ve^rs  of  ago. 


I  studied  Brakigraphy  under  Mr.  Porter's  tuition  for  about  six 
months.  On  a  test  I  was  able  to  write  150  words  per  minute. 
Its  simplicity,  its  one  style  of  writing  and  its  lack  of  word-signs 
make  it  easv  to  learn. 

A.  E.  B.  ANDERSON, 
Corresponding  'Stenographer  for   the   Elba  Iron    and  Bolt   Co.i 

Limited,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


I  studied  Brakigraphy  a  little  over  five  months.  At  the  expi- 
ration of  that  time  I  could  write  130  words  per  minute  As  a 
profession,  I  think  short-hand  writing  ranks  highest  among  those 
selected  by  women  and  would  recommend  it  to  all  who  yet  have  a 
choice  to  make.  Brakigraphy  is  I  think,  the  best  system  of  short- 
hand extant,  and  is  at  the  same  time  the  most  scientific,  shortest, 
and  easiest  to  comprehend. 

Miss  MARY  B    DAVIS, 
Stenographer  for  Census  Bureau,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


Having  lost  my  right  arm  a  few  years  ago,  I  was  tempted  to 
advance  my  position  in  life,  and  took  up  Porter's  system  of  short- 
hand, and  after  taking  lessons  from  Mr.  Porter  about  four  months 
I  could  write  120  words  per  minute  very  nicely.  I  take  pleasure 
in  recommending  Brakigraphy  to  the'  public  as  the  very  best 
system  extant.     I  am  at  present  employed  by  the  P.  R.  R.  Co. 

O.   A.  HOLLINGSWORTH. 


John  T.  Poktkr,  Esq.— Dear  Sir:— Mr.  Walker  came  in  a  few 
minutes  since,  and,  as  he  often  does,  began  to  dictate  a  letter  very 
rapidly.  I  had  no  paper  at  hand  except  a  blank  pad,  upon  which 
I  took  the  letter.     I  enclose  the  original  notes  and  transcription 


66  BRAKIGRAPHY. 

of  same.     Can  this  be  done  by  stenogrnphers  of  sbort  cxiioricnco 
using  the  old  systems  ? 

I  have  never  had  the  slightest  difficulty  in  transcribing  my 
notes,  although  sometimes  written  with  a  "stub"  pen.  I  can 
average  over  125  words  per  minute  on  general  work  for  any  lengtli 
of  time,  and  took  a  sermon  a  few  weeks  since  at  an  average  speed 
of  138  words  u  minute;  speed  reaching  at  times  166  words  a 
minute,  and  transcribed  same. 

Yours  truly, 

H.  C.   WEBSTER, 
Stenographer  for  the  Union  Forge  and  Iroa  Co.,  Limited, 

Pittsburgh,  Ta. 

After  studying  your  system  of  short-hand  about  four  months,  I 
was  able  to  write  about  120  words  per  minute      I  have  linished 
and  am  tilling  a  pleasant  jiosition.     1  like  my  work,  and  think  it 
is  certainly  the  most  suitable  occupation  open  to  ladies, 
yours  respectfully, 

Miss  BIRDIE  WESTERVKLT, 

Stenographer  for  Hussey,  Binns  &  Co. 


After  six  months  study  of  your  system  I  am  enabled  to  take 
down  125  words  per  minute  readily.     I  heartily  recommend  it  to 
those  desiring  to  acquire  the  art  in  a  comparatively  short  time. 
Yours,  etc., 

OSCAR  L.  KLEBER, 

122  Wood  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


I  take  pleasure  in  testifying  to  the  superiority  of  your  system 
of  stenography.  After  having  studied  it  but  six  months  1  was 
able  to  write  120  words  per  minute  of  anything,  which,  I  think 
could  not  have  been  accomplished  in  so  short  a  space  of  time  by 
studying  any  of  the  older  systems. 

I  am  respectfully, 

KOLLY  KLEBER, 

122  Wocd  St  ,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Having  taken  pergonal  instruction  in  BraUigraphy,  I  find  after 
five  months'  study  and  practice,  averaging  three  hours  per  day,  I 
can  at  a  low  estimate  write  100  words  per  minute.  I  take  pleasure 
in  adding  my  name  to  your  fast  filling  list  of  testimonials  in  a 
system  of  short-hand  which  must  shortly  be  accorded  the  front 
rank  by  all  Stenographers -a  place  to  which  it  is  justly  entitled. 

For  speed,  legibility,  and  the  case  with  which  it  is  acquired,  it 
certainly  surpasses  all  others. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Miss  BERTHA  E.  YOUNG. 


PRACTICAL  EXERCISES 


BRAKIGRAPHY 


.loiix  T.  roi-n:EPv, 


PITTSBURGH,    PA. 


A  book  .supplementing  the  principles  developed  in  tlic 
"  Elements  of  Brakigraphy,"  with  exhaustive  practice  in 
actual  business  reporting,  such  as  deeds,  mortgages,  articles 
of  agreement,  testimony,  specifications  for  buildings  and 
patents,  letter  writing,  etc.  To  ensure  accurate  work  in  any 
branch  of  reporting,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  steno- 
grapher should  have  some  experience  in  that  branch  before 
undertaking  it.  The  surest  and  quickest  way  to  gain  this 
experience  is  by  confining  his  practice  to  the  subject  matter 
of  his  future  work,  instead  of  desultory  practice  on  miscel- 
laneous subjects. 

Sent  postpaid  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  price,  §2.00. 


GERMANIA  BANK  BUILDING,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


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